Ferritinophagy, a form of autophagy, is also an important part of ferroptosis, a type of regulated cell death resulting from abnormal iron metabolism involving the production of reactive oxygen species. As ferroptosis, autophagy and cancer have been revealed, ferritinophagy has attracted increasing attention in cancer development. In this review, we discuss the latest research progress on ferroptosis, autophagy-associated ferroptosis led by ferritinophagy, the regulators of ferritinophagy and promising cancer treatments that target ferritinophagy. Ferritinophagy is at the intersection of ferroptosis and autophagy and plays a significant role in cancer development. The discussed studies provide new insights into the mechanisms of ferritinophagy and promising related treatments for cancer.
Abstract. Ki67 has potential prognostic and predictive values for breast cancer patients, and has become an important biomarker in routine clinical practice. The aims of the present study were to investigate the distribution of Ki67 expression and its correlation with other clinicopathological parameters in central China. In total, 1,259 patients with newly-diagnosed invasive breast cancer were included in the present study. The clinical information was obtained from the electronic medical records. The expression levels of Ki67, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were detected by immunohistochemical analysis. The associations between Ki67 scores and other prognostic factors were evaluated as continuous and categorical variables. The mean value of the Ki67 scores of all patients was 31%. In total, ~36% (456/1,259) of the patients demonstrated a low expression of Ki67. A statistically significant correlation was identified between the mean Ki67 scores and the lymph node status, tumor grade, ER, PR and HER2 status, and clinical stage or molecular subtypes (all P<0.001). When Ki67 was categorized into high (>14%) and low (≤14%) level groups, the χ 2 test was used to verify these results. The Ki67 scores demonstrated no statistically significant differences between the HER2-positive (non-luminal) and three negative subtypes, with the exception of patients with a tumor size of >2 cm (P=0.02). In conclusion, the results revealed the presence of significant correlations between Ki67 and other clinicopathological parameters.
Alkaloids U 0600Biomimetic Total Syntheses of Cassiarins A (Ia) and B (II). -Due to the high antiplasmodial effects of the title compounds, analogues (Ib)-(Id) are prepared for structure-activity studies.
Breast cancer (BC) is the world’s second most frequent malignancy and the leading cause of mortality among women. All in situ or invasive breast cancer derives from terminal tubulobular units; when the tumor is present only in the ducts or lobules in situ, it is called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)/lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). The biggest risk factors are age, mutations in breast cancer genes 1 or 2 (BRCA1 or BRCA2), and dense breast tissue. Current treatments are associated with various side effects, recurrence, and poor quality of life. The critical role of the immune system in breast cancer progression/regression should always be considered. Several immunotherapy techniques for BC have been studied, including tumor-targeted antibodies (bispecific antibodies), adoptive T cell therapy, vaccinations, and immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-PD-1 antibodies. In the last decade, significant breakthroughs have been made in breast cancer immunotherapy. This advancement was principally prompted by cancer cells’ escape of immune regulation and the tumor’s subsequent resistance to traditional therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown potential as a cancer treatment. It is less intrusive, more focused, and less damaging to normal cells and tissues. It entails the employment of a photosensitizer (PS) and a specific wavelength of light to create reactive oxygen species. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that PDT combined with immunotherapy improves the effect of tumor drugs and reduces tumor immune escape, improving the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Therefore, we objectively evaluate strategies for their limitations and benefits, which are critical to improving outcomes for breast cancer patients. In the concluding section, we offer many avenues for further study on tailored immunotherapy, such as oxygen-enhanced PDT and nanoparticles.
Background:The thoracic surgery team of the Shanghai Chest Hospital has been publishing its annual report since 2018, summarizing the services and major progress over the last year.Methods: All patients receiving thoracic surgery services at the Department of Thoracic Surgery and the Department of Oncological Surgery at the Shanghai Chest Hospital in 2020 were enrolled. The number of surgical resections, types of surgical procedures, disease histological types, and perioperative outcomes were collected and compared with the results from previous years.Results: In the year 2020, the thoracic team of the Shanghai Chest Hospital faced the unprecedented challenge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. A total of 15,664 patients received thoracic surgeries at the Shanghai Chest Hospital, only an 8.0% decrease compared with the previous year of 2019.These included 13,493 pulmonary procedures, 1,075 esophageal procedures, 969 mediastinal procedures, 66 tracheal procedures, 2 lung transplantations, and 59 other procedures. The rate of minimally invasive surgeries among all procedures was 91.1%, including 721 robotic-assisted thoracic surgeries, both of which increased from the year before. In addition, the average length of hospital stay continuously decreased, being only 3.82 days after pulmonary surgery and 10.96 days after esophageal surgery. Meanwhile, the quality of thoracic surgery has improved, with continuously lower rates of perioperative complications and an inhospital mortality rate of only 0.14%. Conclusions:The services provided and progress made in 2020 by the thoracic surgery team of the Shanghai Chest Hospital were reviewed in this annual report, reflecting a consistent effort to help our patients with high-standard services and state-of-the-art surgical techniques.
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