This paper analyses the role played by US economic assistance during the administrations of Jânio Quadros and João Goulart in Brazil (-). It focuses on the negotiation and implementation of financial agreements associated with the Alliance for Progress, President Kennedy's aid programme for Latin America. It demonstrates that the Alliance had a positive impact during Quadros' administration, providing substantial resources to the country and placing economic growth ahead of economic stabilisation as the principal criterion for aid. Circumstances changed, however, when João Goulart became president, resulting in serious funding constraints. The paper suggests that the main reason for this was political, specifically regarding Washington's perception of Goulart's links with communist groups. a break with the policy of previous administrations. Throughout most of the s, Washington supported right-wing dictatorships in the region, played down the role of public funds for development and emphasised the need for rigorous economic stabilisation and inducements to private investment. The Cuban Revolution proved that this strategy could produce dangerous outcomes. As a more sustainable solution to the problem of leftist agitation, the Alliance for Progress responded by calling for the strengthening of progressive democratic regimes and an improvement in living standards, to be achieved by higher government spending, social reforms (including agrarian and tax reforms) and foreign aid. As Kennedy stated in his concluding remarks to the diplomats, without 'social change' and 'democracy', 'our dream will fail'.
This paper analyses public opinion during the João Goulart government in Brazil (1961-1964), focusing on public perceptions on domestic and foreign policies. We employ a recently declassified public opinion survey conducted on behalf of United States Information Agency (USIA) in urban areas. We found that the Brazilian public opinion was somewhat coherent, supporting redistributive reforms domestically and a neutralist approach in foreign affairs.
Este artigo analisa o processo de formulação e de implementação dos acordos financeiros de maio de 1961 entre Brasil e Estados Unidos. Argumenta-se que a Aliança para o Progresso, o programa de ajuda econômica do governo Kennedy para a América Latina, teve um papel importante na garantia de substanciais recursos à administração Jânio Quadros. A implementação desses acordos, no entanto, evoluiu de modo bastante diferente após a subida de João Goulart ao poder em setembro de 1961, resultando em um contingenciamento de recursos ao governo brasileiro. Sugere-se que a principal razão para essa mudança não teria sido econômica, mas, sim, política, especialmente no que se refere aos contatos de Goulart com grupos identificados como comunistas por Washington.
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