Antibiotic is used abundantly over time. This study aimed to determine the profile of the use of antibiotics in units of DDD/100 bed-days, types of bacteria as well as the sensitivity of bacteria in the Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Medical Ward of Bangil Regional General Hospital, Pasuruan in 2016. The study was conducted using a descriptive, cross-sectional study design and data collection was done retrospectively. The results showed that the most-used antibiotics in surgery and medical wards are the third-generation cephalosporins, whereas in Obstetrics and Gynecology is the first-generation cephalosporins. The total DDD per bed-days of the medical ward (53.76 DDD per bed-days) is higher than surgery ward (45.83 DDD per bed-days) and Obstetrics and Gynecology ward (28.78 DDD per 100 bed-days). Only limited microbial culture perform during the study period. The most bacteria came from the isolates were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antibiotic stewardship programme is urgently needed due to a high antibiotic use in the hospital.
A WHO’s Global Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance showed there is an increase of antimicrobial resistance in Asia between 2013 until 2014. Many studies showed that there is a correlation between prior antibiotic use with antimicrobial resistance case. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between prior antibiotic use with antimicrobial resistance. İt was a retrospective and descriptive study conducted at Bangil Regional General Hospital. The data collected from the medical record and microbiological test from the patient at the internal ward. Chi-square analysis used for the statistic. This study showed that prior antibiotic use increased 0,399 bigger for antimicrobial resistance rate (p=0,001).
Limbah adalah bahan buangan yang dapat menurunkan kualitas lingkungan, seperti logam berat. Logam berat yang terakumulasi dalam tubuh manusia secara berlebih dapat membahayakan kesehatan hingga menyebabkan kematian, sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis logam berat. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis logam berat dengan bantuan asam tanat adalah spektrofotometri visible pada berbagai kondisi, akan tetapi litetatur mengenai topik tersebut masih jarang ditemukan di Indonesia. Review article bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi reaksi optimal kompleks logam dengan asam tanat agar dapat digunakan untuk analisis dengan metode spektrofotometri visible. Pengelompokan data hasil article review ini dapat ditemukan pada berbagai database, seperti Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed, dan SpringerLink. Terdapat kriteria inklusi dalam article review ini adalah artikel yang membahas terkait logam berat yang dapat dideteksi dengan spektrofotometer visibile menggunakan asam tanat dan analisis logam gengan bantuan ligan asam tanat, sedangkan kriteria eksklusinya adalah bentuk artikel review, dan ditemukan hasil penelusuran sebanyak 17 jurnal berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Preparasi sampel dapat dilakukan dengan cara mendestruksi basah sampel kemudian menggunakan masking agent jika sampel mengandung lebih dari satu ion. Kondisi reaksi untuk menganalis logam berat dengan asam tanat adalah nilai pH dari asam hingga basa, jenis logam yang dianalisis, dan konsentrasi ligan yang mempengaruhi perubahan warna, rasio konsentrasi dan panjang gelombang kompleks logam-asam tanat. Modifikasi ligan asam tanat juga dapat meningkatkan selektivitas dalam menganalisis logam berat secara spektrofotometri visible.
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