In this study, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics of VVC among pregnant women. We conducted a prospective survey among 372 pregnant women to investigate the prevalence, clinical forms, etiological agents, and predisposing factors of VVC. In addition, we determined the relationship between vaginal and rectal flora by simultaneously obtaining one high vaginal swab and one rectal swab from each patient using sterile cotton-tipped swabs. Furthermore, we compared the recovery and identification performances of chromID Candida agar to Sabouraud dextrose agar with gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Clinically and mycologically confirmed cases of VVC were detected in 139 (37.4%) and vaginal colonization described in 42 (11.3%) of 372 pregnant women. Rectal cultures were also positive in 98 of the 139 (70.5%) VVC cases. Candida albicans and C. glabrata were identified in vaginal samples in 58.0 versus 19.0% and from rectal samples in 49.0 versus 13.5%, respectively. Increases in gestational week and gravidae were identified to be statistically significant in patients with acute VVC (AVVC) and symptomatic recurrent VVC (RVVC), and asymptomatic RVVC (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively). In the laboratory diagnosis of VVC, specifically tailored chromogenic media are reliable tools for both the recovery and rapid identification of common Candida spp., particularly C. albicans, as well as for the detection of polyfungal populations in vaginal samples (P > 0.05). In addition, rectal colonization is a common finding in cases of AVVC and symptomatic-RVVC cases and corresponds well with the presence of the same yeast species in the vagina.

Uterine inversion is a rare complication of the postpartum period, but it is an even rarer complication of the non-puerperal period. A 49-year-old nulliparous woman was admitted to the hospital with the following complaints: abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain, anuria and a mass protruding from the vulva. The mass was removed by twisting and a laparotomy was required for massive bleeding due to the inversion. The diagnosis of complete inversion was made during the laparotomy. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and the pathological examination revealed a leiomyosarcoma. Uterine inversion in the non-puerperal period is an extremely rare event and it should be kept in mind that the cause of the inversion may be a malignant disease, like leiomyosarcoma.

The results confirmed the opinion that EOP is a distinct and more severe clinical entity than LOP. In particular, higher proteinuria is associated with EOP.

Introduction: To evaluate the role of three-dimensional (3D) sonography in the prenatal detection of the upper pole in fetuses with spina bifida. Material and Methods: Women admitted to a tertiary center with pregnancies with isolated open spina bifida were enrolled in the study. All fetuses had 3D sonography to predict the lesion level. The exact lesion level was ascertained using radiography and/or autopsy following the delivery at term or abortion. Results: Forty-eight cases were eligible for this study. Twenty-eight fetuses were diagnosed in the second trimester and the lesion level was precisely predicted in 24 (86%) of them. In 14 (70%) of the 20 fetuses diagnosed in the last trimester, the level was accurately determined. The remaining 10 fetuses, from both the second and third trimesters, were found to have a lesion level that was within one segment of the predicted lesion level. The correct matching rate was 38/48 (79%), and agreement within one segment was achieved in all cases. Discussion: According to our data, 3D ultrasound is useful for the prenatal determination of lesion level in spina bifida, which is an important prognostic factor.

Problem The aim of this study was to evaluate serum procalcitonin (PCT), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and plasma D‐Dimer levels in mild and severe pre‐eclampsia. Method of study Serum PCT, CRP, and D‐Dimer levels were analyzed in 64 cases with pre‐eclampsia as the study group and 33 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester as the control group. Pre‐eclamptic group consisted of mild (n = 31) and severe pre‐eclamptic subgroup (n = 33). Laboratory results were compared between the groups and diagnostic usefulness of these parameters were evaluated. Results PCT, CRP, and D‐Dimer levels were significantly higher in study group than the control group (P = 0.001). PCT, CRP, and D‐Dimer were significantly higher in the patients with severe pre‐eclampsia than mild pre‐eclampsia. There were significant positive correlations between these markers and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Logistic regression analysis using the control and pre‐eclampsia group showed that higher PCT (OR, 15.68; 95%‐CI, 3.15–78.10), CRP (OR, 14.29; 95%‐CI, 3.08–66.34), and D‐Dimer levels (OR, 4.97; 95%‐CI, 1.22–20.29) were found to be risk factors significantly associated with pre‐eclampsia. Conclusions This study results confirm that evidence of a possible exaggerated systemic inflammatory response in pre‐eclampsia especially in severe pre‐eclampsia.