Context: The persistence of fascioliasis in many developing countries urges the search for simple, cheap, and effective substances. In this view, plants provide interesting molluscicidal activities thanks to the secondary metabolites they produce. The genus Solanum is known for its potent effect on vector snails. Materials and methods: Solanum elaeagnifolium seeds were powdered and successively extracted using n-hexane, methylene chloride, acetone, and methanol, for 20 h each. After filtration, solvents were evaporated. An acid-base treatment was conducted on seed methanolic extract to isolate total alkaloids and b-solamarine. Total saponins fraction was obtained after successive macerations and evaporations. The molluscicidal activity was evaluated by subjecting snails, in groups of 10, for 48 h to 500 mL of extracts, fractions, and pure product aqueous solutions, each containing amounts, ranging from 1 to 50 mg of plant material in 5 mg increments. Results: The methanolic extract of seeds, b-solamarine isolated for the first time from this plant and total saponins fraction showed very potent activities on snails, giving respective median lethal concentrations (LC 50 ) of 1.18, 0.49, and 0.94 mg/L. Total alkaloids fraction obtained from the methanolic extract was less active giving an LC 50 value of 14.67 mg/L. Discussion and conclusion: This study emphasizes that glycoalkaloids and saponins of Solanum elaeagnifolium are potent molluscicidal agents. Seed methanolic extract, b-solamarine, and total saponins fraction may be used as molluscicides.
Fasciolosis is a widespread parasitosis of farm live-stock in many developing
countries. For this reason, it is necessary to search for new substances against
parasitic diseases caused by flukes. Indeed, a wide variety of terrestrial plants
have been subjected to chemical and pharmacological screening in order to discover
their potential for human medicinal use. The molluscicidal and larvicidal activities
of Atriplex inflata were tested on Galba truncatula
and Fasciola hepatica larval stages infecting this snail in Tunisia.
Phytochemical tests were conducted on extracts in order to establish a meaningful
relationship with molluscicidal and larvicidal activities. The molluscicidal activity
was evaluated by subjecting snails to sample aqueous solutions. Accordingly, hexane,
ethyl acetate, methanol and methanol-water (8:2, v-v) were used as extraction
solvents. As a result, hexane and ethyl acetate extracts showed potent activity,
according to the World Health Organization, giving LC50 = 7.59 mg/L and
6.69 mg/L for hexane extracts of leaves and fruits, respectively. Ethyl acetate
extracts gave LC50 = 5.90 mg/L and 7.32 mg/L for leaves and fruits,
successively. Molluscicidal activities of powders were less potent on snails, but
active according to the World Health Organization. Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts
from leaves and fruits gave potent larvicidal activities with a delay rate exceeding
45.50% (45.50- 98.92%). Phytochemical tests showed that these activities may be
attributed to the presence of triterpenoids and/or sterols.
Objective: Fascioliasis caused by Fasciola hepatica L. (Fasciolidae), a digenetic trematode, is a parasitic disease infecting many people worldwide. The present study was carried out to evaluate the molluscicidal and larvicidal activities of Capparis spinosa L. (Capparaceae) aerial parts against Galba truncatula Müll. (Lymnaeidae) and Fasciola hepatica larval stages contaminating this snail in Tunisia. Accordingly, ethyl acetate, methanol and methanol-water were used as solvents of extraction. n-hexane, methylene chloride and methanol were used for the fractionation of the active extract. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical tests were conducted on extracts in order to establish a meaningful relationship the most active with molluscicidal and larvicidal activities. Results: ethyl acetate extracts showed potent activities, giving LC 50 =8.03 mg/L for leaves and LC 50 =8.79 mg/L for stems. All the fractions of leaf ethyl acetate extracts were active. The highest activity was detected in the methanolic fraction with LC 50 =3.53 mg/L. Ethyl acetate extracts of leaves, stems and the methanolic fraction of leaf ethyl acetate extract an LC gave potent larvicidal activities with deterioration rates exceeding 30.39% (30.39; 91.52%). Phytochemical tests showed that these activities may be attributed to the presence of sterols/ carotenoids/triterpenoids in ethyl acetate extracts and flavonoids/saponins in the methanolic fraction. Conclusion: The molluscicidal potential of C. spinosa has been proved in the present investigations and can be recommended for control of G. truncatula snails.
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