Aeromonas isolates from Nile tilapia fish, fish ponds and River water were identified as well as their bacteriophage specific. Also evaluation of antibacterial effect of both nanoparticles and phage therapy against the pathogenic Aeromonas veronii AFs 2 . Differentiation of Aeromonas spp. was done on the basis of 25 different biochemical tests and confirmed by sequencing of 16s rRNA gene as (A. caviae AFg, A. encheleia AWz, A. molluscorum AFm, A. salmonicida AWh, A. veronii AFs 2 , A. veronii bv. veronii AFi). All of the six Aeromonas strains were resistant to β-actam (amoxicillin/ lavulanic acid) antibiotics. However, the resistance to other antibiotics was variable. All Aeromonas strains were found to be resistant to ampicillin, cephalexin, cephradine, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, rifampin and cephalothin. Sensitivity of 6 Aeromonas strains raised against 7 concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles. Using well diffusion method spherically shaped silver nanoparticles AgNPs with an average size of ~ 20 nm, showed a great antimicrobial activity against A. veronii AFs 2 and five more strains of Aeromonas spp. At the concentration of 20, 24, 32 and 40 µg/ml. Thermal inactivation point was 84 o C for phage AvF07 which was sensitive to storage at 4 o C compared with the storage at -20 o C. Intraperitoneal injection in fish using phage AvF07 together with A. veronii AFs 2 , no mortality was shown until the end of experiment (14 days). However, mortality of 43.8% or 50% was obtained after 2 or 3 days, respectively, when chloramphenicol was injected instead of phage.
The study aimed to determine the seasonal changes and the distribution of some fecal indicator bacteria and coliphages in inlet and outlet groundwater samples that used as drinking water in Zagazig city. The samples were taken two times every month for 12 months in triplicates from all selected six wells (El-Zeraa, El-Sagha, Wapour El-Nour, Abo-Aamer, El-Hesania and Gamal Abd El-Naser wells). The inlet and outlet groundwater samples of wells tested during one year period were clostridia free. Higher Salmonella and Shigella positive percentage was recorded in El-Zeraa (58.3%) and El-Sagha (50%) wells in inlet samples. While Wapour El-Nour and Abo-Aamer wells were Salmonella and Shigella free. The inlet groundwater samples of all six tested wells were Aeromonas spp. free, except El-Sagha well where the positive percentage reached 25.0%. The range of coliphages density during three months was from zero to 5.1 x 10P 3
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