International audienceThe Thomas Quarry I locality was made famous in 1969 with the discovery of a human half-mandible in a cave. In 1985, further investigations revealed the presence of a Lower Acheulean assemblage in lower units of the section. From 1988 onwards, modern controlled excavations took place within the framework of the Franco-Moroccan co-operative project "Casablanca". Acheulean artefacts, a rich mammalian fauna and four hominid teeth have been excavated from the cave. The faunal set indicates an open woodland environment. Carcasses were processed by carnivores, but cut-marks are absent, which raises the question of any human role in the bone accumulations. Stone knapping was mainly oriented towards flake production and a few bifaces have been imported into the site. Laser ablation ICP-MS dating combining the ESR and U-series data for the modelling of the U-uptake has given an US/ESR age of 501 ± 76 ka for a human premolar while new OSL measurements yielded an age of 420 ± 34 ka for sediments immediately above the dated tooth and 391 ± 32 ka below. Nevertheless, biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy point towards a greater antiquity
pdf disponible auprès des auteursInternational audienceIn the frame of the Franco–Moroccan ‘Programme Casablanca', several important new Late Miocene to Late Pleistocene mammalian localities have been excavated in the Casablanca area. The rodent fauna of Lissasfa attests to faunal exchanges with Spain and shows that the ‘Quaternary' of Casablanca dates back to the Late Miocene. Ahl al Oughlam, with more than 100 vertebrate species, is by far the richest paleontological locality of northwestern Africa, but shows that by Late Pliocene, at 2.5 Ma, faunas of this region were already less diverse than in eastern Africa. The Thomas and Oulad Hamida quarries yield, in several continental levels interstratified with high-marine transgressive ones, a succession of late Early to Late Pleistocene faunas associated with lithic industries and Homo remains, which greatly help calibrating mammalian evolution in this part of Africa. The Late Pleistocene is also documented by several new sites, all of which, unfortunately, were destroyed before they could be properly excavated. All sites are threatened by urbanisation, emphasising the need for preservation of the few remaining ones
Un outillage lithique acheuléen, une riche faune du Pléistocène moyen et quatre dents d'hominidés ont été extraites du remplissage de la cavité de la carrière Thomas I, célèbre depuis la découverte en 1969 d'une hémimandibule humaine. Depuis 1988, des fouilles sont conduites dans ce site dans le cadre du programme franco-marocain «Casablanca ». Une riche faune mammalienne et quelques restes de reptiles et d'oiseaux sont associés à l'industrie lithique dans l'unité stratigraphique 4. La faune, introduite par les carnivores, indique un paysage peu boisé et le stade évolutif des divers taxons suggère un âge plus récent que celui de Tighenif (Algérie). Les marques de découpe sont absentes, ce qui pose la question du rôle des hominidés dans l'accumulation des restes fauniques. Le travail de la pierre était orienté vers la production d'éclats et de rares bifaces ont été introduits dans cette partie du site. Quatre dents humaines ont été exhumées entre 1994 et 2005. La datation ICP-MS par ablation laser combinant l'ESR et les séries de l'Uranium pour modéliser l'enrichissement en Uranium a été appliquée à une prémolaire humaine : elle a fourni un âge de 501 k a. De nouvelles mesures d'âge par OSL sur les sédiments encadrant la dent datée ont respectivement donné 420 ± 34 ka au dessus et 391 ± 32 ka en dessous confirmant un âge minimum centré sur une période relativement ancienne du Pléistocène moyen.
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