The present research was conducted to explore the impact of alternative organic amendments on physicochemical properties of soil and their critical value for kiwi seedlings growth. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with 3 replications and 20 seedlings per replication. The highest pH (8.0) was recorded in T3 (compost + silt) and the highest electrical conductivity (EC) of 5.91 dS/ m, organic matter (24.11%), organic carbon (13.99%), organic nitrogen (1.51%) were recorded in T8 (compost + peat moss (PM) + leaf manure) and the highest soil porosity (SP) (45.95%) and lowest bulk density (0.67) were recorded in T4 (PM + garden soil (GS)). EC higher than 1.99 and SP (45.95%) were found critical and adversely affected seedling survival. The highest plant height (103 and 93 cm), number of leaves (23 and 20), number of first-order lateral roots (NFLRM) (9 and 8.5), whole seedling fresh mass (75 and 72 g), fresh root mass (FRM) (35 and 35 g), shoot fresh mass (46 and 40 g), root collar diameter (RCD) (13 and 12 mm), and shoot diameter (10 and 9 mm) were recorded in T5 (compost + GS) and T7 (compost + PM + GS). Strong and positive correlations were observed among NFLRP, RFM, and RCD (R 2 = 0.89 and 0.96) and all the above-ground seedling traits (R 2 = 0.86-0.98). It is concluded that compost is a good soil amendment for producing good quality graftable kiwi seedlings and evaluation of seedling root system architecture could be used to predict the potential and success of seedlings in the field.
Camellia sinensis L. leaves composed of different concentrations of mineral contents play a vital role in human nutrition and health. In this study, locally processed three different green tea varieties i.e. P3, P5 and P9 were used for mineral content determination at National Tea and High Value Crops Research Institute (NTHRI), Shinkiari, Mansehra, Pakistan. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, flame photometer and Kjehldal apparatus were used for the determination of mineral concentration in all the collected tea samples. Mineral composition of tea samples were identified in the following quantity order: high level of nitrogen (37300 to 41380 mg/L), calcium (515.6 to 522.1 mg/L) and phosphorus (742 to 1220 mg/L) were observed in all tea samples compared to other minerals. Cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) were highest in P3, while least amount was identified in P5, variety. On the contrary, calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and lead (Pb) contents were maximum in P5, while minimum were in P3. This study revealed that the levels of mineral elements in different varieties of green tea vary from the permissible level but the monitoring of their levels in tea plant is obligatory for future risk measurements.
Kim, 2011) and biopesticides ( Javaid and Bashir, 2015). Aqueous extract of the whole plant is found potent against bacterial strains like Sarcina lutea and Staphylococcus epidermidis (Caceres, 1987). Parts of the Abstract | Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seed oil extract was analyzed for the presence of potential non-volatile phytochemicals and in vitro antibacterial activity against two phytopathogenic bacterial species (Clavibacter sp. and Xanthomonas sp.) and a human pathogenic bacterium (Escherichia coli) in 2016. Experiment was carried out by using complete randomized design with three replications in vitro. Phytochemical analysis reveals that the methanolic fraction of oil possesses metabolites like carbohydrates, amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides. To test the antibacterial activity of the extracted seed oil, Agar well diffusion assay was employed. Effectiveness of the oil against selected bacterial species was measured in terms of zone of inhibition in millimeters. Amoxicillin was used as a positive control. The results showed that Clavibacter sp. and E. coli exhibit resistant to the oil extract while Xanthomonas sp. displayed nil results. The present study thus reveals that either the used bacterial species are more resistant strains or the oil extract does not possess anti-pathogenic agent against tested bacterial species.
The study was conducted at National Tea & High value crops Research Institute, Shinkiari during 2015-16. The objective of the experiment was to find out the most effective and economical organic & inorganic fertilizer for successive growth of tomato. The variety transplanted was SAHIL. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with 3 replications. Different doses of organic fertilizer and inorganic applied per ha were T1 Control, T2 NPK
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