Iran Ministry of Health and Education.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging provides rich spatio-temporal data of human brain activity during task and rest. Many recent efforts have focussed on characterising dynamics of brain activity. One notable instance is co-activation pattern (CAP) analysis, a frame-wise analytical approach that disentangles the different functional brain networks interacting with a user-defined seed region. While promising applications in various clinical settings have been demonstrated, there is not yet any centralised, publicly accessible resource to facilitate the deployment of the technique.Here, we release a working version of TbCAPs, a new toolbox for CAP analysis, which includes all steps of the analytical pipeline, introduces new methodological developments that build on already existing concepts, and enables a facilitated inspection of CAPs and resulting metrics of brain dynamics. The toolbox is available on a public academic repository https://c4science.ch/source/CAP_ Toolbox.git.In addition, to illustrate the feasibility and usefulness of our pipeline, we describe an application to the study of human cognition. CAPs are constructed from resting-state fMRI using as seed the arXiv:1910.06113v1 [q-bio.QM]A PREPRINT -OCTOBER 15, 2019 right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and, in a separate sample, we successfully predict a behavioural measure of continuous attentional performance from the metrics of CAP dynamics (R=0.59).Keywords dynamic functional connectivity · frame-wise analysis · co-activation pattern analysis · task-positive network · attention · continuous performance · open source software In this work, in addition to the above, we propose an extension in which more than one seed region can be considered: for each seed j, a set of time points T s,j is derived. Assuming J separate seeds, one can then consider the time points when all seed time courses jointly take extreme values:

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observed as altered hippocampal functional connectivity at rest is associated with the emergence of positive psychotic symptoms in patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome,