Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate if religious food laws can provide answers to current issues with the food systems.
Design/methodology/approach
– This paper provides a discussion of the dietary and food system principles from a Judaism, Christianity and Islamic perspective for the design of a more sustainable and healthy food system.
Findings
– The commercialisation of the natural resources, industrial food production approach and consumerism is endangering the food security, health and environment. Current industry practices are not sustainable and do not comply with Jewish, Christian and Islamic scriptures. Kosher, Christian and halal food laws share common principles in prohibition of certain animals (like pig), prohibition of blood, role of fasting and animal welfare. As a change in the diet is the solution, there is a key role for the food industry to comply and for religious leaders to radically reduce meat consumption and food waste of its followers.
Research limitations/implications
– This viewpoint paper shows that religious food laws provide answers to current problems with the industrialised food production approach and consumerism.
Practical implications
– New food industry directives should convert meat-based to plant-based ingredients and additives; replace porcine by bovine sources; and emphasise on animal welfare to better serve the Jewish, Christian and Muslim consumer. Religious logos (kosher and halal) should incorporate nutrient profiling through a traffic light system to promote healthy food choice.
Originality/value
– Religious food laws are important for a big part of the world population (Jews, Christians and Muslims), which share many common principles. This study contributes to a better understanding of the commonalities and differences in these religious food laws.
The Phonosurgery Committee of the European Laryngological Society (ELS) has examined the definition and technical description of phonosurgical procedures. Based on this review, the committee has proposed a working classification. The current presentation is restricted to vocal fold surgery (VFS) with phonosurgical intent. Both the pathology and the therapeutic aim define VFS: (1). vocal fold lesions that impair vibratory movements require excision (e.g., vocal fold nodule), incision and suction (e.g., Reinke's edema), dissection and/or augmentation (e.g., sulcus-vergeture), coagulation or vaporization (e.g., varicosity) and incision and stenting (e.g., glottal web); (2.vocal fold movement disorders require position and/or tension correction by augmentation (e.g., vocal fold paresis), injection (e.g., botulinum toxin for spasmodic dysphonia) and excision (e.g., dysphonia plicae ventricularis). This presentation excludes surgical instrumentation, implants or injectable materials. Being essentially surgeon-dependent, usage may vary over time and with experience.
This paper summarizes academic literature on Internet banking drivers and found that there is a need to conduct research on corporate customer Internet banking adoption behaviour. The empirical data were collected from a questionnaire survey of 223 business firms selected from the telephone directory in Klang Valley area in Malaysia. This study examines the relationship between Internet banking adoption and its six factors, namely awareness, ease of use, security, cost, reluctance to change and accessibility. The results of this study show that four factors examined are significantly important to the adoption of Internet banking. However, perceive ease of use and reluctant to change are found to be insignificant in determining its adoption. This study provides insightful understanding of corporate customer's perception about Internet banking adoption in their banking transactions. Banks are interested in promoting online business may find these findings helpful in guiding their efforts.
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