In a country like India 70 percent of the population lives in rural areas while the rest of the population i.e. 30 percent resides in urban areas and 60 percent approx. depend on agriculture (according to the World Bank reports. In this rural India with having second largest population needs NGOs like SHG needs cooperative helping hands. Non-Government organization is playing crucial in the economic development of India. Non-Government organization is not confine up to registered organization like big renowned NGOs its includes small level social help group i.e. Self Help Group on village level, local women skilled help group etc. The purpose of this research paper is to identify how microfinance is made available in the rural areas for needy people and also how the microfinance institutions can check or reduce the poverty with the help of providing microfinance. For critical analysis of the research, data has been collected through secondary available sources and comparative analysis has been done for reaching to conclusion.
In this paper, we focused on the impact of demonetisation on unorganized sector by which the inclusive growth of our country falls down. All the research and study shows that the inclusive growth of India has been affected in short run after decision implemented by the Govt. of India. GDP growth has been pegged at 7% in quarter ending December 2016, while the growth for 2016-17 has been estimated at 7.1%. This is in various estimates, including the International Monetary fund's report reveals that the growth of manufacturing sector will be decline in next quarter; CSO reports also depict the picture of GDP's downturn trend of manufacturing sector. The researchers also analyse the data and find that demonetisation affected the inclusive growth due to which the people engaged in unorganised sector loosed their jobs. The Government of India announced that the Rs 500 and Rs. 1000 denominated currency notes will cease to be legal tender. The move was targeted towards tackling inclusive growth, unorganized sectors and black money. After initial euphoria, questions began to emerge that the government of our country still does not have the proper report of unorganized sector's data as the government has answerable machinery. But the demonetisation may be good for the organized sector of the India economy.
The paper aims to compare the performance of several univariate symmetric and asymmetric GARCH volatility models in modeling and forecasting the volatility of daily Gasoline prices in Erbil city. This paper chooses the GARCH, GARCH-M, TGARCH, E-GARCH and Power GARCH model to analyze the daily return of Gasoline under three different error distributions: normal distribution, student-t distribution and generalized error distribution and then compare the results and choose the appropriate model to forecast the volatility. The sample is divided into two subsamples. The first subsample is called insample data set (Training sample) used to estimate the ARMA-GARCH models for underlying data and the second subsample is called out-sample data set (Testing sample) used to investigate the performance of volatility forecasting. As a result of analyses, we conclude that the best model fits the volatility of Gasoline returns series is AR(2)-Power GARCH(
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