The extracellular matrix (ECM)-based materials has been employed as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, providing a suitable microenvironment that possesses biophysical and biochemical cues for cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation....

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Cell membranes from different sources retain the integrity of the original membrane structure and special membrane protein functions. However, the diversity function of membrane surface proteins is underutilized in bone defect repair. The current study creatively prepared a hybrid membrane (HM) (diameter, 92.25 ± 16.47 nm) and coated it on a poly-𝝐-caprolactone (PCL) (diameter, 313.79 ± 4.69 nm) electrospinning membrane for cell membrane-functionalized matrixes (MFMs) (diameter, 368.76 ± 5.90 nm) preparation. The effects of the HM and MFMs on inflammatory regulation and bone formation are further explored in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that MFMs can regulate macrophage into anti-inflammatory phenotype and promote alkaline phosphatase secretion and mineralization deposition of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. The foreign body response is alleviated and bone regeneration is facilitated in rat calvarial critical-size defect in vivo. The study provides an innovative approach to applicate the cell membrane functions from different sources for immunomodulatory and osteogenic differentiation and provides a promising choice for designing bone repair materials.