Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). However, PCa recurrence and progression rates during ADT are high. Until now, there has been no evidence regarding when progression begins. This study evaluated the gene expression of intraprostatic androgen receptor (AR) and steroidogenic enzymes in the early stages of ADT. Methods: Prostate tissue samples were taken from PCa patients with urinary retention who received ADT (ADT-PCa; n = 10) and were further subgrouped into ADT ≤12 months (n = 4) and ADT > 12 months (n = 6). The ADT-PCa tissues were then compared with BPH (n = 12) and primary (no treatment) PCa tissues (n = 16). mRNA for gene expression analysis of AR and steroidogenic enzymes was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues and analyzed by real-time PCR. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies. Results: AR gene expression was higher in the ADT-PCa group than in the BPH or primary PCa group. Both the ADT ≤12 and > 12 months subgroups had significantly higher relative gene expression levels of AR (p < 0.01 and 0.03, respectively) than the primary PCa group. In the ADT-PCa group, AR protein expression showed an increasing trend in the ADT ≤12 months subgroup and was significantly elevated in the ADT > 12 months subgroup compared with the PCa group (100%; p < 0.01). Half (50%) of the patients in the ADT ≤12 months subgroup were found to have upregulation of AR, and one showed upregulation beginning at 3 months of ADT. A trend toward elevated relative gene expression of SRD5A3 was also apparent in the ADT groups. Conclusion: AR and steroidogenic enzymes are upregulated in ADT-PCa patients as early as 3 months, without PSA elevation. Steroidogenic enzymes, particularly SRD5A3, were also upregulated before PSA rose.
Immunohistochemistry examination (IHC) is one of the additional tests to diagnose and determine breast cancer subtype. IHC examination is a method to check intracellular protein using a monoclonal and polyclonal antibody to detect the antigen in tissue. IHC examination determined by hormone receptor markers (ER and PR), HER-2/Neu expression, and apoptotic and proliferation markers (Ki-67 and p53) can be used to determine therapy and prognosis. This study aims to determine the hormonal status of breast cancer patient at Siloam Semanggi Hospital in 2018, in the form of age, gender, pathology diagnose, and the result of IHC (ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67). This study is a retrospective descriptive study using pathological anatomy laboratory results of breast cancer in MRCCC Siloam Semanggi Hospital and 208 patients following inclusion and exclusion criteria. The result obtained is that the age group with the highest frequency is 50-59 years, with 34.1%. The highest frequency by gender is a woman with 99.5%. Carcinoma mammae NST with grade II and III was found in 38.0% of patients. The hormonal receptor with ER and PR positive was found in 51.0% of patients. HER2 expression negative was found in 56.7% of patients. High proliferation Ki-67 was found in 82.7% of patients. Luminal B with HER2 negative subtype was found in 32.2% of patients. Patients in 50-59 years with Luminal B with HER2 negative subtype was found in 26 patients. Patients in carcinoma mammae NST with grade II with Luminal B with HER2 negative subtype was found in 27 patients. Keywords: Breast cancer, pathologic anatomy, immunohistochemistry, breast cancer subtype
Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). However, PCa recurrence and progression rates during ADT are high. Until now, there has been no evidence regarding when progression begins. This study evaluated the gene expression of intraprostatic androgen receptor (AR) and steroidogenic enzymes in the early stages of ADT. Methods: Prostate tissue samples were taken from PCa patients with urinary retention who received ADT (ADT-PCa; n=10) and were further subgrouped into ADT ≤12 months (n=4) and ADT >12 months (n=6). The ADT-PCa tissues were then compared with BPH (n=12) and primary (no treatment) PCa tissues (n=16). mRNA for gene expression analysis of AR and steroidogenic enzymes was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues and analyzed by real-time PCR. Protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies. Results: AR gene expression was higher in the ADT-PCa group than in the BPH or primary PCa group. Both the ADT ≤12 and > 12 months subgroups had significantly higher relative gene expression levels of AR (p<0.01 and 0.03, respectively) than the primary PCa group. In the ADT-PCa group, AR protein expression showed an increasing trend in the ADT ≤12 months subgroup and was significantly elevated in the ADT >12 months subgroup compared with the PCa group (100%; p <0.01). Half (50%) of the patients in the ADT ≤12 months subgroup were found to have upregulation of AR, and one showed upregulation beginning at 3 months of ADT. A trend toward elevated relative gene expression of SRD5A3 was also apparent in the ADT groups. Conclusion: AR and steroidogenic enzymes are upregulated in ADT-PCa patients as early as 3 months, without PSA elevation. Steroidogenic enzymes, particularly SRD5A3, were also upregulated before PSA rose.
Pendahuluan: Benjolan payudara merupakan jaringan lain yang tumbuh di dalam payudara yang berisikan massa/lemak/cairan, dan merupakan dampak dari perubahan fisiologis tubuh yang dapat berupa tumor jinak, tumor ganas, dan hiperplasia payudara. Namun, Indonesia belum ada data yang lengkap mengenai angka kejadian FAM. Tujuan: Mengetahui bagaimana profil penderita dengan tumor payudara yang dilakukan biopsi di Rumah Sakit Siloam MRCCC Semanggi pada tahun 2017-2018, mengetahui jenis benjolan payudara, dan jumlah tumor jinak dan ganas di Rumah Sakit Siloam MRCCC Semanggi. Metode: Desain penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan studi retrospektif, dengan melihat data hasil laboratorium pasien yang melakukan pemeriksaan sitologi dan histopatologi. Metode total sampling dalam cara memilih sampel. Dari total keseluruhan, diambil 304 sampel berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil Penelitian: Penelitian dilakukan terhadap pasien Rumah Sakit Siloam Semanggi pada tahun 2018. Seluruh data dijelaskan dalam umur, jenis kelamin, jenis pemeriksaan, dan diagnosis. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa, tumor ganas terbanyak yaitu karsinoma mammae dengan jumlah 201 (66,1%) pada rentang usia 40-59 tahun. Tumor jinak terbanyak yaitu FAM dengan jumlah 83 (27,3%) pada rentang usia 20-39 tahun. Non neoplasma terbanyak yaitu mastitis dengan jumlah 20 (6,6%) pada rentang usia 30-39 tahun. Pemeriksaan terbanyak untuk mendiagnosis benjolan pada payudara adalah histopatologi dengan sediaan lumpektomi.
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