Sensitive information is intrinsically tied to interactions in healthcare, and its protection is of paramount importance for achieving high-quality patient outcomes. Research in healthcare privacy and security is predominantly focused on understanding the factors that increase the susceptibility of users to privacy and security breaches. To understand further, we systematically review 26 research papers in this domain to explore the existing user studies in healthcare privacy and security. Following the review, we conducted a card-sorting exercise, allowing us to identify 12 themes integral to this subject such as "Data Sharing," "Risk Awareness," and "Privacy." Further to the identification of these themes, we performed an in-depth analysis of the 26 research papers report on the insights into the discourse within the research community about healthcare privacy and security, particularly from the user perspective.
MotivationSecurity and privacy integration in the healthcare domain is essential to protect patients' data [12], considering medical records include sensitive health and personal information. The healthcare industry is often a prime target for cybercriminals considering that these data sets could contain a plethora of sensitive information such as social security numbers, birth dates, employment information, emergency contacts, and insurance and billing data; these data are also notoriously difficult to monitor or safeguard after a breach [23]. Furthermore, healthcare data are lucrative on the black market. Sahi et al. noted
The World Wide Web (www) consists of the surface web, deep web, and Dark Web, depending on the content shared and the access to these network layers. Dark Web consists of the Dark Net overlay of networks that can be accessed through specific software and authorization schema. Dark Net has become a growing community where users focus on keeping their identities, personal information, and locations secret due to the diverse population base and well-known cyber threats. Furthermore, not much is known of Dark Net from the user perspective, where often there is a misunderstanding of the usage strategies. To understand this further, we conducted a systematic analysis of research relating to Dark Net privacy and security on N=200 academic papers, where we also explored the user side. An evaluation of secure end-user experience on the Dark Net establishes the motives of account initialization in overlaid networks such as Tor. This work delves into the evolution of Dark Net intelligence for improved cybercrime strategies across jurisdictions. The evaluation of the developing network infrastructure of the Dark Net raises meaningful questions on how to resolve the issue of increasing criminal activity on the Dark Web. We further examine the security features afforded to users, motives, and anonymity revocation. We also evaluate more closely nine user-study-focused papers revealing the importance of conducting more research in this area. Our detailed systematic review of Dark Net security clearly shows the apparent research gaps, especially in the user-focused studies emphasized in the paper.
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