The increasing growth of wireless networking and new mobile computing devices has caused boundaries between trusted and malicious users to be blurred. The shift in security priorities from the network perimeter to information protection and user resources security is an open area for research which is concerned with the protection of user information’s confidentiality, integrity and availability. Intrusion detection systems are programs or software applications embedded in sophisticated devices to monitor the activities on networks or systems for security, policy or protocol violation or malicious activities detection. In this work, an intrusion detection model was proposed using C4.5 algorithm which was implemented with WEKA tool and RAPID MINER. The model showed good performance when trained and tested with validation techniques. Implementation of the proposed model was conducted on the Network Security Laboratory Knowledge Discovery in Databases (NSL-KDD) dataset, an improved version of KDD 99 dataset, which showed that the proposed model approach has an average detection rate of 99.62% and reduced false alarm rate of 0.38%.
The extent of involvement in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by companies in Nigeria is required in order to know the level of acceptance and actual performance of CSR demands on the companies. This descriptive research design study was carried out using data from the annual reports (2010-2019) of listed non-financial companies in Nigeria. Social and environmental disclosures based on the Global Reporting Initiative framework (GRI-4) were used. Social disclosure is measured as an index score generated from the score of 1 or 0 for disclosures or otherwise on community, donation, employee, health and safety, and customer/complaints. Environmental disclosure represents an index score generated from the score of 1 or 0 for disclosures or otherwise on material, energy, water, biodiversity, emission/greenhouse gas, waste management, product services, and compliance with laws. The companies are involved in activities that contribute more to social sustainability than environmental sustainability, accounting for an aggregate average performance score of 0.71 (71%) and 0.03 (3%) for social and environmental responsibility respectively. The firms contributed significantly to social responsibility and very little with no significant performance in environmental responsibility. The very low environmental responsibility performance among these firms is worrisome and calls for investigation into the existing national environmental regulatory frameworks.
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