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The objective of this paper is to study different analysis methodologies for the design of floating production systems. The main issues are the use of uncoupled and coupled analysis methods, and the integration in the analysis and design of the mooring system and the risers. This paper is a companion to another paper also presented in the OMAE2002 Conference [1] The present paper begins describing a “basic” classic, uncoupled methodology, and proceeds with comments on some refinements in the representation of the behavior of the lines in the motion analysis of the vessel. Comments regarding the introduction of some level of integration between mooring line and riser behavior are also presented. These issues are illustrated with studies applying some of the considered design methodologies to the P-18 semi-submersible platform in Campos basin. The companion paper [1] proceeds describing a fully coupled methodology, and some hybrid methodologies that combine coupled and uncoupled analysis tools, and illustrates their application to a DICAS system for deepwater applications in Campos basin.

SUMMARYThis work presents the implementation of optimized numerical tools for the coupled analysis of floating platforms for offshore oil exploitation. The focus is on time-domain, nonlinear dynamic analysis, considering the coupling between the hydrodynamic behaviour of the hull and the structural behaviour of the mooring lines and risers modelled by finite elements (FEs). Some aspects of the formulation and solution of the large-amplitude equations of motion of the hull of the platform are presented, including a brief description of the hydrodynamic models and calculation of the environmental forces. The main aspects of the formulation for the spatial and time discretization of the structural model for the lines are also discussed. Since coupled analyses may require excessive computational costs, the objective of this work is to present the implementation and application of domain decomposition methods, adapted and specialized for the problem at hand, in order to optimize the efficiency of the computational tool. Two groups of domain decomposition methods are considered: the first is a subcycling technique that takes into account the natural partition that exists between the hull and the lines; the second considers the internal decomposition of the mesh of FEs to represent the mooring lines and risers. The methods are devised having in mind their implementation in computers with parallel architecture. Results of a numerical application are presented in order to assess the performance of the methods.

The extent of land use for oil palm plantations has grown considerably in the tropics due to climate, appropriate soil conditions for cultivation and its profitability. However, oil palm plantations may endanger biodiversity through reduction and fragmentation of forest areas. Herein we analyzed the effects on anuran species richness, composition and total abundance in oil palm plantations and surrounding forests in eastern Amazon. We installed seven plots in oil palm plantations and seven plots in surrounding forests, which we surveyed for the presence of anurans through active visual and acoustic surveys during periods of high and low rainfall levels. Anuran assemblages found in forests and oil palm plantations differed in species richness and composition, with a loss of 54% of species in oil palm plantations. No difference was observed in total abundance of anurans between both environments. While conversion of forests to oil palm plantations may result in less negative impacts on anuran diversity than other types of monocultures, such loss is nevertheless high, making the maintenance of relatively greater forested areas around oil palm plantations necessary in order to conserve anuran diversity.

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