Global climatic changes will potentially influence plant diseases and the efficacy of their management options. One of the most likely impacts of climate change will be felt by the geographical distribution of plant diseases. Black Sigatoka is considered the most damaging and costly disease of banana. The socio-economic impact of this disease has continued to increase as the pathogen reaches new areas and the disease becomes more difficult to be controled. The objectives of this research were to compare the global geographical distribution of the disease based on maps elaborated using weather data representing: i) current and future periods (2020, 2050 and 2080), ii) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios A2 and B2, iii) predictions based on six different climate change models and the "multimodel ensemble" and, iv) individual months. The "multimodel ensemble" lead to a reduction in the variability of the simulations when compared to the results obtained using the individual models separately. The predictions suggested that, in the future, areas favorable for the development of the Black Sigatoka disease will decrease. This reduction will occur gradually and will be higher for the A2 than for the B2 scenario. Changes in the geographical distribution of the disease will occur from one month to another, with unfavorable areas becoming favorable and vice-versa. However, in spite of these changes, extensive areas will still continue to be favorable for the occurrence of Black Sigatoka.
RESUMOThe damage and the resistance levels of cultivars and accessions of common bea ns rescu ed in the Sou th a nd mou nta in regions of Espírito Santo State, Brazil, to M. incognita race 3 and M. javanica pa ra sitism were evalua ted under a greenhou se. Four rescu ed bea n genotypes (" FORT-1 0" , " FORT-1 3 ", " FORT-1 6" a nd "FORT-1 9" ) and 2 commercial cultivars: "Pérola", and "Aporé", were tested. The cu ltivar " Rico-2 3 " wa s inclu ded a s sta nda rd of su sceptibility to nematodes and non-inoculated plants constituted the control. Thus, the experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in 3 (trea tments considering nematodes) x 7 (genotypes a nd bea n cultivars) factorial arrangement, with 7 replicates. Data were measured at 5 0 da ys after pla nt inoculation. For da ma ge qu antification, the following variables were evalu ated: plant height (PHE), number of Palavras-chave adicionais: Redução do crescimento, resistência, feijoeiro, nematóides das galhas nodes (NNO), number of trifoliate leaves (NRT), fresh matter weight (FWE) and dry matter weight (DWE) of shoots, root weight (RWE), number of root nodules (NRO) and final population (FPO) of nematodes per root system. There were no significant differences between the effects caused by M. incognita and M. javanica, but both species showed inferior values of PHE, NNO, NRT, RWE, FWE and DWE compared to controls. Concerning the levels of resista nce of bean pla nts to M. incognita, the genotypes "FORT-10", "FORT-13", "Aporé" and "FORT-16" behaved as moderately resistant, the cultivars "Rico 23" and "Pérola" low resistant, and the genotype "FORT-19" as highly susceptible. When parasitized by M. javanica, the beans "FORT-19", "Rico-23", "FORT-16" and "FORT-13" were low resistant, "Pérola" and "Aporé" susceptible and "FORT-10" highly susceptible.Avaliaram-se danos e os níveis de resistência de cultivares e acessos de feijoeiro-comum resgatados nas regiões Sul e Serrana do Estado do Espírito Santo ao parasitismo de M. incognita raça 3 e M. javanica em casa de vegetação. Foram testados quatro genótipos resgatados de feijoeiro ("FORT-10", "FORT-13", "FORT-16" e "FORT-19"), e mais 2 cultivares comerciais: "Pérola" ; e "Aporé". O cultivar "Rico-23" foi incluído como padrão de suscetibilidade aos nematóides e plantas nã o inocu la da s constitu íra m a testemu nha . Desta forma , o experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 (tratamentos considera ndo nematóides) x 7 (genótipos e cultiva res de feijoeiros), com 7 repetições. Os dados foram mensurados aos 50 dias após a inoculação das plantas. Para a qu antificação de danos foram avaliadas: altura das pla nta s (ALT ), número de nós (NOS), número de folhas trifolioladas (NFT), peso da Santos, L.N.S.; Alves, F.R.; Belan, L.L.; Cabral, P.D.S.; Matta, F.P.; Jesus Junior, W.C.; Moraes, W.B.Quantificação de danos e reção de genótipos de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) à Meloidogyne incognita raça 3 e M. javanica. Summa Phytopathologica, v.38, n.1, p.24-29, ...
RESUMOT he a im of this stu dy wa s to eva lu a te the potentia l risk of monilia sis occu rrence a nd the impa cts of clima te cha nge on this disease in the coming decades, should this pathogen be introduced in Brazil. To this end, climate favora bility ma ps were devised for the oc cu r renc e o f m oni lia sis, bo th for the pr esen t a nd fu t u re tim e. The future scenarios (A2 and B2) focused on the deca des of 2 020, 2 0 5 0 a nd 2 0 8 0 . T hese scena r ios we re obt a ined from six glo ba l clima t e models (GC Ms) ma de a va ila ble by th e third a sse ssment re po rt o f In te rgo ve rn me nt a l Pa ne l on C li ma te Ch a n ge ( IP CC for m on i li a sis in Br a z il , e sp ec i a l l y i n r e g io n s a t h i gh ri sk o f in tro du c tio n o f t ha t pa tho gen . C onside rin g t he glo ba l wa rmi ng scena rios provided by the IPCC, the potentia l risk of monilia sis occurrence in Brazil will be reduced. This decrease is predicted for both futu re scenarios, bu t will occur more sharply in scenario A2. However, there will still be areas with favorable climate conditions for the development of the disease, pa rticu la rly in Bra zil's ma in producing regions. Moreover, pathogen and host alike may undergo a ltera tions du e to climate cha nge, which will a ffect the extent of their impa cts on this pa thosystem.Este traba lho teve como objetivo ava lia r o potencia l risco de ocorrên cia da monil ía se e os im pa ctos da s m u da nça s clim á tica s so bre esta doe nça na s déca das futura s, caso este patógeno seja m introduzida no Brasil. Para tal, elaboraram-se mapas de favorabilidade climática à ocorrência da monilíase no período atu al e fu tu ro. v.38, n.1, p.30-35, 2012. principa lmente em regiões qu e apresentam a lto risco de introdu ção do p a t óg en o. C on si de ra nd o os c en á r io s de a qu ec im en to g lo ba l previsto pelo IPCC, haverá a redu çã o do potencial risco climático de ocorr ência da monilí a se no Bra sil. Ta l redu çã o é pr edita em a mb os c ená r ios futuros, porém ocorrerá de forma mais a centua da a dmitindo-se o cená rio A2 . No enta nto, a inda ha verá á rea s qu e a presenta ra m condições de fa vora bilida de climá tica a o desenvolvimento da doença , principa lmente na s ma iores regiões produtoras do Brasil. Além disso, tanto o patógeno como o hospedeiro poderão sofrer alterações com mudanças climáticas, o que influenciará magnitu de dos seu s impa ctos sobre este pa tossistema .
DETERIORATION OF Eucalyptus spp. WOOD BY XYLOPHAGOUS FUNGIABSTRACT: This research aimed to test the deteriorating ability of fungi isolated from Eucalyptus spp. wood and perform chemical analysis of wood deteriorated, to verify which components of wood suffered major changes in the light of the attack. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratório de Biodeterioração da Madeira, Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo in the municipality of Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil. A total of 12 fungi were used, and nine of these came from pure cultures isolated from fragments of stumps of eucalypt woods deteriorated, collected in three distinct locations, and three with recognized capacity of deterioration that were used as the standard of comparison. The Basidiomycetous fungi 1 and 2 showed high capacity of deterioration of Eucalyptus spp. The heartwood of eucalypt showed a greater natural resistance than the sapwood, but the fungi were able to degrade both them. In general, there were, an increase in the content of extractives in wood damaged (heartwood and sapwood), for Basidiomycetous 1 and Basidiomycetous 2. The heartwood of Eucalyptus grandis there was a decrease in extractives content for both Basidiomycetes. To the holocelulose (cellulose and hemicelluloses), there were small differences between the healthy and damaged wood (mean variations around 1 %). The Fungi, Basidiomycetous 2 caused a greater degradation of lignin as compared to the Basidiomycetous 1.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.