Biological and physical phenomena that affect conditions for larval survival and eventual recruitment differ in the oceanic and shelf regions. In the oceanic region, eddies are a common feature. While their genesis is not well known, eddies have unique biophysical characteristics and occur with such regularity that they likely affect larval survival. High concentrations of larval pollock often are associated with eddies. Some eddies are transported onto the shelf, thereby providing larvae to the Outer Shelf Domain. Advection, rather than local production, dominated the observed springtime increase in chlorophyll (often a correlate of larval food) in the oceanic region. Over two‐thirds of the south‐eastern shelf, eddies are absent and other phenomena are important. Sea ice is a feature of the shelf region: its interannual variability (time of arrival, persistence, and areal extent) affects developmental rate of larvae, timing of the phytoplankton bloom (and potentially the match/mismatch of larvae and prey), and abundance and distribution of juvenile pollock. In the oceanic region, interannual variation in food for first‐feeding pollock larvae is determined by advection; in the shelf region, it is the coupled dynamics of the atmosphere–ice–ocean system.
The 64b Niagara SPARC processor is designed for power-efficient high-throughput commercial server applications where power, cooling, and space are major concerns [1, 2]. The chip-multithreaded (CMT) architecture achieves high throughput while optimizing performance/watt. Concurrent execution of 32 threads is implemented through 8 symmetrical 4-way multithreaded cores, supported by a high-bandwidth low-latency cache/memory system ( Fig. 5.1.1). Each core has a simple single-issue 6-stage pipeline where instructions from all 4 threads are interleaved per cycle with zero thread-switch cost, maximizing pipeline utilization. When any thread is blocked by a cache miss or branch penalty, the other threads issue instructions more frequently, effectively hiding the miss latency of the first thread. Cache/memory latency is minimized using sufficient bandwidth and physical proximity: CPU-to-cache crossbar of 134GB/s, 4-banked 12-way pipelined shared 3MB L2 cache of 153.6GB/s, and 4 double-width DDR2 DIMM channels at 400MT/s (Mega-transfers/s) delivering 25.6GB/s. The result is a measured IPC (instructions per cycle) of 5.76 with an actual L2 latency of 20.9 CPU cycles and memory latency of 106ns on Java Business Benchmark (SpecJBB), for a pipeline efficiency of 71% (5.76 out of a maximum of 8). The chip is implemented in a 90nm CMOS process with 9 layers of Cu interconnect. The 378mm 2 die (Fig. 5.1.7) comprises 279M transistors, packaged in a flip-chip ceramic LGA with 1933 pins. Power dissipation is 63W at 1.2V and 1.2GHz (Fig 5.1.2), leading to high performance/watt.
The MBP-rHev b 1 fusion protein exhibits a corresponding IgE-binding reactivity to nHev b 1 and may therefore substitute natural Hev b 1 for both in vitro diagnostics and research purposes.
Pododermatitis is a worldwide health and animal welfare problem in captive flamingos (Phoenicopteridae). Since sub-optimal substrate or flooring has been described as a factor in the development of pododermatitis in poultry and raptors, it is also suspected to play a role in flamingo foot health. Small groups of flamingos were separated from the main group in an indoor enclosure with artificial grass carpet and, in earlier years, concrete flooring, with additional fine granular sand in the water basin for the study year. Feet were evaluated before and after the separation. Judged subjectively, foot lesions had shown a general increase in the indoor enclosure in earlier years. In contrast, lesion severity and prevalence, scored in accordance with a standardised protocol, decreased when fine granular sand was provided. Since flamingos were observed mostly standing on sand and as this represented the major differentiating factor between years, it is concluded that fine granular sand is a favourable substrate to maintain, and one that may even lead to an improvement in flamingo foot health.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.