A method
for the fabrication of flexible electrical circuits on
polyaramid substrates is presented based on laser-induced carbonization
followed by copper electroplating. Locally carbonized flexible sheets
of polyaramid (Nomex), by laser radiation, create rough and highly
porous microstructures that show a higher degree of graphitization
than thermally carbonized Nomex sheets. The found recipe for laser-induced
carbonization creates conductivities of up to ∼45 S cm–1, thereby exceeding that observed for thermally pyrolyzed
materials (∼38 S cm–1) and laser carbon derived
from Kapton using the same laser wavelength (∼35 S cm–1). The electrical conductivity of the carbonized tracks was further
improved by electroplating with copper. To demonstrate the electrical
performance, fabricated circuits were tested and improvement of the
sheet resistance was determined. Copper films exhibit antimicrobial
activity and were used to fabricate customized flexible antibacterial
coatings. The integration of laser carbonization and electroplating
technologies in a polyaramid substrate points to the development of
customized circuit designs for smart textiles operating in high-temperature
environments.
Since decades antibodies are used for diagnosis e. g. by detecting patient antibodies that specifically bind to Influenza virus proteins. We predict these diagnostic questions will be parallelized to diagnose all known disease specific antibodies at once. These tests will ask in addition, which unknown antibodies patrol in a patient’s blood, and what exactly they bind to. Thereby, we expect to find antibody species that correlate to hitherto enigmatic diseases or have specialized functions.
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