MONTIEL-EULEFI SUMMARY:Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles have the approval of the main institutions for drugs administration and therapeutics. However, the use of lactic acid polymer is controversial because lactic acid has been proposed as an energy source for cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, apoptotic and cell cycle properties of PLA and CuSO 4 -loaded PLA biodegradable nanoparticles on MKN-45 gastric adenocarcinoma cell line. PLA nanoparticles for the delivery of the anticancer active principle CuSO 4 were obtained using the double emulsion method. PLA and CuSO 4 loaded PLA nanoparticles were morphologically characterized and their size determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cytotoxicity of this drug delivery system was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; apoptosis was evaluated using YO-PRO-1/Propidium Iodide and cell cycle analysis throughout flow cytometry. CuSO 4 -loaded PLA nanoparticles were effective inhibitors of MKN45 cancer cell growth. They increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis, and induced G1/Go cell cycle arrest; whereas the anticancer activity was increased using a 96 h treatment of a minimal (1mM) concentration of CuSO 4 loaded in 40 µM PLA nanoparticles. The treatment with 40 µM lactic acid and PLA (40 µM) did not increase the rate of cell survival assays related to the control, which indicate that PLA use as a polymer carrier not induce proliferation of MKN-45 cancer cells. Our research presents novel data about the effect of PLA nanoparticles and CuSO 4 on gastric cancer cell line MKN45.
In the present work, attempts of reducing a graphene oxide powder using a low temperature hydrogenation disproportionation desorption and the recombination process (L-HDDR) has been carried out. A lower processing temperature in large scale production is significant when costs are concerned. Graphite oxide was prepared using a modified Hummers’ method dispersed in ethanol and exfoliated using ultrasonication to produce Graphene Oxide (GO). Investigations have been carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results of L-HDDR processing graphene oxide powder, using unmixed hydrogen at 400°C and relatively low pressures (<2 bars) have been reported. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a reduction of graphene oxide with the L-HDDR process. The results showed that both processes, the L-HDDR as well as the standard HDDR, may be applied to the reduction of graphene oxide in order to produce supercapacitor materials. The advantage of employing the L-HDDR process is a relatively low temperature reducing the cost of treatment, what is a very important factor for producing a large amount of material. Thus, the L-HDDR process has been considered a promising alternative method of reducing graphene oxide with efficiency, with the possibility of large scale production.
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