Fifty-four children who had chronic bronchopulmonary disease (CBPD) were investigated for the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). An activity score for CBPD and a numerical reflux score using criteria from a pH probe study were established. Results of barium esophagography, endoscopy, and prolonged esophageal pH probe monitoring were abnormal in 67, 78, and 53% of the patients, respectively. A significant relationship was found between the CBPD activity score and the reflux score; this strongly suggests that, in the patients studied, GER was responsible for the bronchopulmonary symptoms. Antireflux therapy resulted in an improvement of the CBPD activity score in all patients who had abnormal reflux scores. The mean CBPD activity score was 4.4 and 1.3 before and after antireflux therapy, respectively (P less than 0.01). Most patients who had normal reflux scores did not improve on antireflux therapy.

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