Tofu waste can be used as a raw material for bioethanol production due to its high carbohydrate content in the form of starch. A microbial consortium, consisting of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The study's first objective wasto capture the amount of sugar produced from starch hydrolysis using single cultures of Aspergillus niger.The study's second objective wasto determine the amount of ethanol produced by the SSF technique. Aspergillus niger was used to produce an amylase enzyme that hydrolyzes starch into simple sugar.Then, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to produce bioethanol from the sugar produced earlier.The synthesis of bioethanol consists of two main stages, hydrolysis and fermentation. In previous studies, the hydrolysis and fermentation processes were performed separatelyusing a separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF)technique. This studyprocesses via a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) technique which produced higher substrate efficiency, cell yield, and product yield compared to the SHF process.The characterization process showed that tofu waste flour was mainly composed of carbohydrates, which comprised 54.04±0.03% (dw) and had a starch content of 39.23±0.20 (dw). Sugar from the starch of the tofu waste was produced by batch system cultivation for 84 hours using Aspergillus niger. The highest sugar production (14.48 g/L) was achieved during the 48 th hour. Then, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to convert the produced sugar into bioethanol. The production of bioethanol by SSF using a microbial consortium for 72 hours was 7.69 g/L of bioethanol, with a yield of bioethanol per substrate use (Yp/s) of 0.23 g ethanol/g substrate and a substrate conversion efficiency of 88%.
Tofu waste is a potential raw material for producing bioethanol since it has 52,82 % carbohydrate content, among which 35,12 % is starch. Indonesia has approximately 315 tofu business units that produce 2,6 million tons of tofu per year, so the availability of tofu waste is abundant, and its current use is only for feed. The use of starch as the raw material of bioethanol needs two steps, namely saccharification and fermentation. Application of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) technique may reduce the processing time of bioethanol production from starchy materials. The SSF involves co-culture, namely aerobic molds (Aspergillus niger) that hydrolyze starch into sugar and facultative anaerobic yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that ferment sugar into ethanol. The objectives of the study were to obtain a production technique of bioethanol from the starch of tofu waste, which has more productive and higher yield through Engineered SSF/ESSF (stop aeration at a particular time) technique using co-culture of mold and yeast and to compare it with Conventional SSF/CSSF (complete aeration) technique. ESSF produced bioethanol at 11.39 g/L with the product yield per substrate used (Yp/s) of 0.36 g/g. In comparison, CSSF produced bioethanol at 7.69 g/L with the Yp/s of 0.23 g/g. ESSF technology has been proved to be more productive and efficient than CSSF since it can increase bioethanol production and Yp/s of 1.5 and 1.6 times, respectively. The study results also prove that the starch from tofu waste can be utilized as media for bioethanol production.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.