Two hundred and sixteen 7-day old brothers were used to compare three types of pigeon pea seed meal, namely raw, boiled and dehulled at two levels, 20 and 30% of the diet in a 3x2 factorially designed experiment lasting four weeks Measurements recorded included weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), nutrient retention and live weight of the broilers at the end of the fourth week. Better results were obtained when pigeon pea seed meal (PPSM) was included at 30% level than at 20% in all performance criteria. The interaction between processing method and level of inclusion was significant (P < 0.001) with dehulled PPSM included at 30% (D30) producing best results; while at 20%, dehulled PPSM was not superior to boiled PPSM. In all measurements, broilers fed boiled and dehulled PPSM performed significantly better (P<0.01) than those fed run seed meal. Results of this experiment indicated that broilers fed dehulled pigeon pea seed meal at 30% inclusion level produced best results.
Highlight Esophageal fistulated cattle were used to collect samples of grazed forage. Within-day, daily and animal variation in the lignin and nitrogen contents of the forage samples were determined in ten trials during three growing seasons. Within-day differences in the nitrogen and lignin content of forage samples were not consistent. Daily and animal variation of these chemical constituents in the diet were highest when the mean content of each was highest in the forage and when a wide variety of forage species was being consumed. Summarizing all trials, sampling forage with three animals per treatment for four consecutive days permitted the detection of differences of 10% of the mean nitrogen content at the 10% level of significance with 85% confidence. More animals would be required to make precise measurements of the lignin content of the diet. Experimental Ten forage collection trials involving three sets of esophageal fistulated Hereford cattle were conducted between
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