This research developed a system that can make factories more independent from the grid. The system enhances efficiency since factory operation is powered by the renewable energy generated during the production process. Winemaking is a key sector that can profit from such a system because wineries can recycle much of the waste from the raw materials employed in wine production. Moreover, the solar energy collected at winemaking facilities can also be used to reduce electricity consumption and thus increase energy efficiency. This study investigated the feasibility of using renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, in wineries in Spain, given the quantity of renewable energy produced in the country. For this purpose, cost-effectiveness, power generation, CO 2 emissions and the renewable energy fraction were taken into account. The assumption was that the photovoltaic system was grid-connected. Research results showed a reduction in electrical power costs ranging from 4% to 36%. This reduction was accompanied by an increase in the use of renewable energy of up to 57%. The results obtained are based on self-consumption or net metering policy as well as the production capacity of the winery.
This paper describes a method of measuring and monitoring light pollution in the night sky. This method is capable of instantly quantifying the levels of artificial radiance and monochromatic luminance of the sky glow by means of a system that includes an all-sky camera as well as several interference filters. The calibration is done with an integrating sphere where the measurement pattern used is obtained from the light reflected from the inner wall of the sphere which comes from radiation emitted by a calibration lamp with a known luminous flux. The inner wall of this sphere is a Lambertian surface, which ensures that the light reflected or falling on it is uniformly dispersed in all directions (i.e. the surface luminance is isotropic).
This article describes an innovative method for measuring lighting levels and other lighting parameters through the use of aerial imagery of towns and cities. Combined with electricity consumption data from smart electricity meters, it was possible to measure the energy efficiency of public lighting installations. The results of this study also confirmed that lighting measurements, installation material, luminaire position, and electricity consumption data can be easily integrated into geographic information systems (GIS). The main advantage of this new methodology is that it provides information about lighting installations in large areas in less time than more conventional procedures. It is thus a more effective way of obtaining the data required to calculate the energy efficiency of lighting levels and electricity consumption. There is even the possibility of generating street lighting maps that provide local administrations with up-to-date information regarding the status of public lighting installations in their city. In this way, modifications or improvements can be made to achieve greater energy savings and, if necessary, to correct the distribution or configuration of public lighting systems to make them more efficient and sustainable. This research studied levels of street lighting and calculated the energy efficiency in various streets of Deifontes (Granada), through the use of aerial imagery.
Abstract. This paper proposes a new method of optimization that minimizes energy consumption in street lighting with the aim of using minimal infrastructure in photovoltaic installations. In an attempt to reduce our energy dependency from the outside, the world of science not only is searching and developing new energy sources, but it is also implementing new methods of design of installations that consume less, while they maintain the highest standards of quality. In this work we continue with that idea, it provide an alternative method to achieve that lighting installations consume less and at the same time take advantage of the qualities of renewable energies. To do this, in this study two variables are chosen to optimize the installation of public lighting; energy consumption and global uniformity. The first is intended to minimize the number and cost of photovoltaic elements and the second to ensure the quality of the lighting.As a practical example, any city of the South of Spain was chosen, therefore the choice of solar photovoltaic is justified because there are large number of hours of sunshine per year.
The grid connected photovoltaic power plant location problem has shown to be really complex over the last few years. Engineers and scientists have shown deep interest in developing an efficient tool able to consider all distinct variables that enter into the problem.This work designs a model that, using Geographic Information Systems and a Multicriteria Evaluation Methodology, has proven to be a very valuable tool for spatial analysis which is of great help when making decisions about the Optimal Location of grid connected photovoltaic power plants, considering in this decision both electrical and environmental factors.
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