Midshaft fractures of the clavicle are mostly treated conservatively. For the few cases in which stabilisation is needed, open reduction and plate fixation is the standard procedure. We report a minimally invasive technique of intramedullary stabilisation using a titanium nail carried out in 35 markedly displaced midclavicular fractures. Twelve fractures were simple and 23 consisted of more than two fragments. A total of 62.9% (22/35) of the patients presented additional injuries; 37.1% (13/35) with additional fractures. There were four ipsilateral scapular neck fractures. In 74.3% (26/35) of patients closed reduction was possible, whereas nine fractures required open reduction before the nail inserted from the sternal end of the clavicle could be introduced into the peripheral fragment. All fractures healed clinically and radiologically within 6 weeks. In contrast to conservatively treated fractures, length discrepancies of 1 cm or more, mainly shortening, could be avoided. Using a visual analog scale, significant pain relief (8.4-2.4 points) was already recorded on the first day after surgery. Patients with an isolated fracture of the clavicle showed a nearly normal range of motion only 1 week after surgery, whereas patients with associated scapular or rib fractures needed up to 3 weeks to reach normal shoulder function. No patient complications requiring interventional procedures occurred. Minimally invasive, elastic, stable intramedullary nailing of midshaft fractures of the clavicle should be recommended as an alternative to conservative treatment because of early pain relief, associated rapid functional recovery and anatomical restoration of the clavicle.
In the treatment of distal radius fractures, plate osteosynthesis using fixed-angle T-plates has become more common. Higher stability often allows functional aftertreatment in metaphyseal and articular fractures. So far it remains unclear whether these advantages also apply to elderly patients who commonly suffer from osteoporosis and reduced cooperativeness. Therefore, we evaluated the radiological loss of correction during fracture consolidation in patients aged more than 70 years. Fixed-angle plates were used in 44 patients (mean age: 79.4 years) while conventional T-plates were used in 30 patients (mean age: 78.2 years). Postoperative immobilization for 6 weeks by plaster or external fixator was performed in all patients. The loss of correction was significantly lower for fixed-angle plates (4.6% vs 40.0%). As a result of this study, we have gradually reduced immobilization in favor of early functional treatment. In a recent study fixed-angle plates so far seemed to permit stable fracture fixation. Our results underline the advantage of stable fixation in displaced fractures of the distal radius even in osteoporotic bone of elderly patients.
Blunt chest trauma is a common injury in traffic accidents. Thoracic vessel trauma frequently affects intercostal arteries, the aorta and less often the subclavian artery. Azygos vein injury is uncommon and has previously been described in only 19 cases. The 20th case of blunt azygos vein injury due to high energy trauma as a consequence of a traffic accident is reported with a review of the literature. Preoperative diagnosis was performed by computed tomography. Azygos vein injury is rare but potentially lethal (8/20, 40.0%). Chest radiograph with right hemothorax is reported consistently except for two cases. Fractures of ribs and/or thoracic spine (T3-5) were found in nine patients, while neither were found in 11/20 cases. Pathognomonic signs have not been described in the literature. Early resuscitation and immediate thoracotomy with recognition and treatment of azygos vein rupture is necessary to avoid a fatal outcome.
Synthetic polyglycolic acid (Dexon) sutures were compared with silk or nylon in 50 patients requiring skin surgery. After some practice, polyglycolic acid is as easily handled as nylon or silk. Skin reactions occurred in 50% of the patients sutured with nylon, in 10% of those sutured with polyglycolic acidt and in none sutured with silk. Wound healing was satisfactory in all cases.
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