Aims: Unorganized accumulation of calcium stored in soft tissues is termed as heterotopic calcification, organized accumulation of it is termed as heterotopic ossification. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively all head and neck region soft tissue calcifications/ossifications that are detected incidentally on computed tomography (CT) images of Turkish patients and to analyze them according to age and gender which may differ by population. Methods: CT images of 917 patients were retrospectively analyzed in terms of the presence of head and neck soft tissue calcification/ossification, and demographic characteristics (age and gender) of the patients were recorded. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistical methods and the relationship between soft tissue calcification/ossification and gender was evaluated with the chi-square test. Results: Soft tissue calcification/ossification was detected on CT images of 214 (mean age= 61.35±14.7 years, 50.5% female, 49.5% male) of 917 patients examined (23.3%). Among the calcifications/ossifications detected, tonsillolith (n=120, 56.1%), arterial calcifications (n=61, 28.5%) and sialolith (n=15, 7%) were determined in the first three rows. Tonsillolith was significantly more common in female and ossified stylohyoid ligament (OSL) was significantly more common in male (p
Giriş: Yaş tahmini, tıbbi, adli ve antropolojik çalışmalarda bir bireyi tanımlamak için kullanılan en önemli prosedürlerden biridir. Bireyin tanımlanmasında dişler, vertebra, kranial yapılar, pelvis gibi anatomik yapılar kullanılır. Dişler yaş tahmin yöntemlerinde sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır, çünkü uzun süre değişmeden kalabilirler ve diğer vücut yapılarına göre dış faktörlerden daha az etkilenirler. Yaşla birlikte sekonder dentin oluşumuna bağlı pulpa boşluğunun daralması, yetişkinlerin diş yaşı tahmininde dikkate alınan önemli bir kriterdir. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir Türk popülasyonunda konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) görüntülerinde maksiller santral ve kanin dişin pulpa boşluğunun lineer ölçümlerini Kvaal yöntemine göre yaparak yaşı tahmin etmektir. Yöntem: Yaşları 18 ile 63 arasında değişen 74 kişinin (37 kadın, 37 erkek) KIBT görüntüleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. KIBT psödopanoramik kesitlerinde 74 maksiller santral ve 74 maksiller kanin dişin pulpa boşluğunun lineer ölçümleri Kvaal yöntemi kullanılarak yapıldı. Yaş ile morfolojik değişkenler arasındaki ilişki Pearson korelasyon analizi ile hesaplandı. Yaş tahmininde her diş için çoklu doğrusal regresyon modelleri kuruldu. Bulgular: Morfolojik değişkenlerden yaşı tahmin etmek için geliştirilen regresyon denklemi analizi sonucunda maksiller kanin diş için standart tahmin hatası = ±10.42, maksiller kanin diş belirleme katsayısı R2= 0.158; maksiller santral diş standart tahmin hatası = ±10.65, belirleme katsayısı R2 = 0.131; her iki diş için standart tahmin hatası= ±10.18, belirleme katsayısı R2 = 0.207 olarak bulundu. Sonuç: KIBT görüntülerinde maksiller santral ve kanin dişin pulpa boşluğunun lineer ölçümleri ve oranları, bir Türk popülasyonunda Kvaal yöntemine göre yaşı tahmin etmek için yetersizdi. Gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalarda, yetişkin Türk bireylerinde yaş tahmininin doğruluğunu arttırmak için daha büyük örneklem sayısı veya pulpa alanı, pulpa hacmi gibi farklı radyografik ölçümlerin kullanılması önerilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaş tahmini, konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi, adli diş hekimliği, Kvaal yöntemi, diş Introduction: Age estimation is one of the most important procedures used for identifying an individual in medical, forensic and anthropological studies. Anatomical structures such as teeth, vertebra, cranial structures, pelvis are used in the identification of the individual. Teeth have been frequently used in age estimation methods because they can remain unchanged for a long time and they are less affected by external factors than other body structures. The narrowing of the pulp cavity due to the secondary dentin formation with age is an important criterion that is taken into consideration in dental age estimation of adults. Aim: The aim of this study is to estimate age by performing linear measurements of pulp cavity of the maxillary central and canine tooth according to Kvaal’s method on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in a sample of Turkish population. Methods: CBCT images of 74 individuals (37 females, 37 males) aged between 18 and 63 years were evaluated retrospectively. Linear measurements of pulp cavity of 74 maxillary central and 74 canine tooth were made on pseudopanoramic CBCT sections using Kvaal’s method. The relationship between age and morphological variables was calculated by the Pearson correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression models were established for each tooth to estimate the age. Results: As a result of the regression equation analysis developed to estimate age from morphological variables, the standard estimation error for maxillary canine teeth = ±10.42, maxillary canine tooth determination coefficient R2= 0.158; the standard estimation error for maxillary central teeth = ±10.65, maxillary central tooth coefficient of determination R2 = 0.131; the standard estimation error for both teeth = ±10.18, both teeth coefficient of determination R2 = 0.207. Conclusion: Linear measurements and ratios of pulp cavity of the maxillary central and canine tooth on CBCT images were insufficient to estimate the age according to Kvaal’s method in a sample of Turkish population. In future studies, it is recommended to use different radiographic measurements such as larger sample size or pulp area and pulp volume to increase the accuracy of age estimation in adult Turkish individuals.
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