Thoracic pedicle screw fixation is a reliable method of treating spinal deformities, with an excellent deformity correction and a high margin of safety.

Posterior vertebral column resection is an effective alternative for moderate to severe deformities with limited flexibility. However, it is a technically demanding and exhausting procedure with possible risks for major complications.

PVCR is an effective alternative for severe rigid scoliosis. It is a highly technical procedure and should only be performed by an experienced surgical team.

Segmental pedicle screw fixation with "direct vertebral rotation" showed better rotational and coronal correction than "simple rod derotation."