Droughts and climate-change-driven warming are leading to more frequent and intense wildfires [1][2][3] , arguably contributing to the severe 2019-2020 Australian wildfires 4 . The environmental and ecological impacts of the fires include loss of habitats and the emission of substantial amounts of atmospheric aerosols [5][6][7] . Aerosol emissions from wildfires can lead to the atmospheric transport of macronutrients and bio-essential trace metals such as nitrogen and iron, respectively [8][9][10] . It has been suggested that the oceanic deposition of wildfire aerosols can relieve nutrient limitations and, consequently, enhance marine productivity 11,12 , but direct observations are lacking. Here we use satellite and autonomous biogeochemical Argo float data to evaluate the effect of 2019-2020 Australian wildfire aerosol deposition on phytoplankton productivity. We find anomalously widespread phytoplankton blooms from December 2019 to March 2020 in the Southern Ocean downwind of Australia. Aerosol samples originating from the Australian wildfires contained a high iron content and atmospheric trajectories show that these aerosols were likely to be transported to the bloom regions, suggesting that the blooms resulted from the fertilization of the iron-limited waters of the Southern Ocean. Climate models project more frequent and severe wildfires in many regions [1][2][3] . A greater appreciation of the links between wildfires, pyrogenic aerosols 13 , nutrient cycling and marine photosynthesis could improve our understanding of the contemporary and glacialinterglacial cycling of atmospheric CO 2 and the global climate system.Human activity is altering the global water and carbon cycles 14 . While the risk of drought associated with climate change varies regionally, warming and drying will increase the risk of more frequent and intense wildfires 1-3 . In turn, wildfires are increasingly viewed as a first-order control on climate. Among other things, wildfires change the Earth's radiative forcing by emitting greenhouse gases and aerosols 15 . The feedbacks between climate and wildfires are complex and often poorly represented in climate models, leading to high uncertainty in future projections.The austral summer of 2019-2020 was one of the most severe wildfire seasons in Australian history. Millions of hectares of vegetation were burned, having ecological, environmental and socioeconomical impacts 5,16 . It is estimated that nearly 3 billion animals may have died or been displaced 17 . According to a study by van der Velde et al. published in this issue of Nature 18 , approximately 715 million tonnes of CO 2 (195 Tg C) were released into the atmosphere during the fire period, exceeding Australia's 2018 anthropogenic CO 2 emissions of 537.4 million tonnes (147 Tg C) 19 .The 2019-2020 Australian wildfires (known in Australia as bushfires) also released an enormous amount of aerosols into the atmosphere 6,7 . Aerosols can influence terrestrial and marine biogeochemistry 20 , via supplying soluble forms of nitrogen 8 , ph...

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This review covers advances and applications of open tubular capillary liquid chromatography (OT-LC) over the period 2007–2018.

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