The study of soil cover in the wilderness of the Pernambuco State, through georeferenced images obtained by remote sensing, is of great relevance in the observation of the region as the spectral variability of the vegetation and the use and occupation of the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) index in the municipalities of Mirandiba, Carnaubeira da Penha and Bélem do São Francisco. Were acquired the TM Landsat 5 images from the study region referring to date of November 9, 2005 and for OLI Landsat 8 sensor the date corresponding to November 13, 2018. With the processing of these images using the free software QGIS, we found values of NDVI in the interval referring to values smaller than 0.10, at 0.60, NDWI between negative values at 0.20, being thus characterized the situation of exposed soil and sparse vegetation. The mapping of the surface area of the Pajeú river was carried out in the region of the Serrinha dam, obtaining the visualization of the water body variation during the 13 years, and the classification of the areas around this region using the project of Brazil's Annual Mapping of Soil Coverage and Land Use (MAPBIOMAS).
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