Parkinson’s
disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative
disorder involving dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra.
The loss of dopaminergic neurons results in decreased dopamine (DA)
release in the striatum and thus impaired motor functions. DA is one
of the key neurotransmitters monitored for the diagnosis and during
the progression and treatment of PD. Therefore, sensitive and selective
DA detection methods are of high clinical relevance. In this study,
a new microfluidic device utilized for electrochemical DA detection
is reported. The microfluidic sensing device operates in the range
of 0.1–1000 nM DA requiring only ∼2.4 μL sample
volume, which corresponds to detectable 240 amol of DA. Using this
sensor, we were able to monitor the changes in DA levels in cerebrospinal
fluid and plasma of a mouse model of PD and following the treatment
of drug l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine.
The aim of this study was the electrochemical detection of the adenosine-3-phosphate degradation product, xanthine, using a new xanthine biosensor based on a hybrid bio-nanocomposite platform which has been successfully employed in the evaluation of meat freshness. In the design of the amperometric xanthine biosensor, chitosan-polypyrrole-gold nanoparticles fabricated by an in situ chemical synthesis method on a glassy carbon electrode surface was used to enhance electron transfer and to provide good enzyme affinity. Electrochemical studies were carried out by the modified electrode with immobilized xanthine oxidase on it, after which the biosensor was tested to ascertain the optimization parameters. The Biosensor exhibited a very good linear range of 1-200 μM, low detection limit of 0.25 μM, average response time of 8 seconds, and was not prone to significant interference from uric acid, ascorbic acid, glucose, and sodium benzoate. The resulting bio-nanocomposite xanthine biosensor was tested with fish, beef, and chicken real-sample measurements.
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