Water-borne diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and around 2.2 million people die every year due to basic hygiene-related diseases, like gastroenteritis, diarrhea, typhoid and dysentery. Eighty-six water samples were randomly collected from urban water supply system of Kathmandu, and analyzed for physiochemical and microbiological parameters to assess drinking water quality. Residual chlorine was undetectable in 100% samples. Salmonella was detected in 4 samples by enrichment culture technique in Selenite F broth followed by plating on Salmonella-Shigella Agar. A total of 10 isolates were identified as Salmonella (S. Paratyphi, 10% and non-typhi, 90%) by conventional biochemical test. The majority of the isolates were susceptible to most of the antimicrobials tested; however, resistance was observed to amoxicillin (70%), cephalexin (20%) and ceftizoxime (14.28%). There was no significant relationship between coliform and Salmonella positivity (P = 0.366). The microbiological quality of urban water supply system is poor and indicates chances of outbreak of Salmonella infection.
Nepal is a South Asian multi-ethnic (125 distinct ethnic groups) country with nearly 30 million populations and located (latitudes 20⁰ and 31⁰N and latitude 80⁰ and 89⁰E) largely in the Himalayas and partly in Indo-Gangetic plain, surrounded by China and India. International tourism is the leading industry in Nepal and around 1.75 million foreigners visit in every year. The first Novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) case was detected in Nepal on January 5, 2020. After that Government of Nepal immediately took some drastic steps to prevent the spread of COVID-19 like - mandatory health check-up in airports, cancellation of visas, prevention of infiltrations in borders, sending back all foreigners/tourists in their home countries and also reformed their healthcare systems, by building up isolation centers in hospitals and involving trained personnel for the management of COVID-19. Besides that, they tried earnestly to educate public through media and imposed/ implemented rule for home quarantine. All these planning to fight against COVID-19 were implemented strictly and granted rewarding results in this pandemic. Till mid-November, 2020 the incidence of COVID-19 infection in Nepal was 208299, of whom, 1215 died.
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