In the 2000s, important legal arrangements were made that directly and indirectly concern municipalities. While some laws are specifically regulated for a particular metropolitan area, the Municipal Law and the Metropolitan Municipality Law generally regulated the urban transformation practices of the municipalities. Finally, the Law No. 6306 of 2012 on the Transformation of Disaster Risk Areas has made various regulations through the central administration, the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization and TOKI. Regarding these regulations, the Ministry went to give both financial resources and authority and duties to TOKİ and municipalities. Thus, many actors, such as district municipalities, metropolitan municipalities, ministries and administrations, are authorized to carry out important projects. t is seen that the greatest role in this comprehensive and multidimensional policy field is given to the Ministry, subsequently to the metropolitan municipalities and finally to the district municipalities. In this study, the legislation regulating this multi-actor and complex structure of urban transformation was examined. It is aimed to evaluate urban transformation applications, which have gained a negative image in recent years. As a result, the institutional framework in Turkey has been analyzed and interpreted.
The concept of urban collapse in the literature is used in the sense of losing its identity as the "normal living area" of an old neighborhood located in a place close to the center or the center of the city and changing its spatial, social, physical and cultural characteristics. Middleton (1991) explains the urban deteriorated area with poverty, lack of new job opportunities and reduced environmental quality. According to him, the places whose conditions deteriorate for various reasons are invaded by the lower income, and thus the process of collapse of the space is accelerated. Is it possible to base all kinds of urban tissue deterioration on the same reason, or is it sufficient to explain this depression process in a single typology? There are various applied studies based on different reasons for the formation of urban deteriorated areas in urban centers. These theories deal with the problem in three perspectives. These are urban ecological, historical and economic processes theory. In this context, the main purpose of the study is to compare the three theories and to discuss the reasons for the collapse process in the city centers. Then on the basis of the discussions of the theory which is valid or not valid for Turkey cities was questioned.
İslam, Osmanlı döneminde siyasî alanda temel hukuki çerçeveyi çizmiş olsa da, yeni rejimin kurulması bu durumu kökten değiştirmiş ve 'din' hem siyasî hem de kurumsal alandan tasfiye edilmiştir. Yeni rejim laik ve modern bir devlet kurmayı amaçlamıştır. Modernleşme, siyasî elitler tarafından bir 'proje' olarak hayata geçirilmiş ve toplumun dönüştürülmesi amacıyla 'yeni vatandaş' fikri üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda 'yeni kadın' imgesi yaratılarak kadınlar da erkekler gibi modern, laik ve milliyetçi vatandaş modeline dönüştürülmeye çalışılmıştır. Siyasî elitlerin bu amacı genel olarak sanatın farklı alanlarında da görülebilirken, özellikle resim üzerinde ayırt edici olduğu iddia edilebilir.Bu çalışma, 1923-1938 yılları arasında çizilmiş olan resimlerde kadın figürünü modernizm ve milliyetçilik çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın ilk kısmında modernizm ve milliyetçilik politikaları üzerinde durulmaktadır. Sonrasında ise Erken Cumhuriyet dönemi resimlerinde kadın figürü analiz edilmektedir.
In this study, neighborhood administration and mukhtarship which have grown in importance in recent years in Turkey are analyzed in light of the discussions on presidential system. President of the Republic paid great importance to the mukhtars during legislative efforts for presidential system and often hold meetings with the mukhtars. Discourses coming to forefront during these meetings imply the levels that mukhtarship and neighborhood administration will evolve. In this study, speeches of the President during meetings with mukhtars were subject to discourse analysis to draw conclusions. In addition, interviews were made with mukhtars from different provinces and the results of the research were supported by these findings. Mukhtarship can be regarded to have evolved as an important policy tool from top to down or central to local in Turkey which is on the edge of a new centralization process in particular.
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