The present paper discusses large eddy simulations of incompressible turbulent flows in complex geometries. Attention is focused on the application of the Schur complement method for the solution of the elliptic equations arising from the fractional step procedure and/or the semi-implicit discretization of the momentum equations in velocity-pressure representation. Fast direct and iterative Poisson solvers are compared and their global efficiency evaluated both in serial and parallel architecture environments for model problems of physical relevance. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Alumina ceramic is often used in armour systems. This material is known to have a brittle response under tensile loading, while a ductile response is found when sufficiently high pressures are reached. During projectile impact a ceramic material experiences both tensile loading and high pressures, hence fails in both a brittle and ductile way. Properly capturing the ceramic failure in a single material model remains challenging. A viscosity regularized Johnson-Holmquist-2 model has been used to simulate dynamic loading on alumina ceramic. The simulations show that the brittle and ductile nature of the material can not be captured simultaneously in the current material model. A new failure strain formulation is proposed where the behaviour under tensile and compressive loading can be controlled independently. This allows to properly capture both the brittle and ductile response of the material in a single constitutive framework, with a single set of model parameters.
The present paper discusses the application of large eddy simulation to incompressible turbulent flows in complex geometries. Algorithmic developments concerning the flow solver were provided in the companion paper (Int. J Numer. Meth. Fluids, 2003; submitted), which addressed the development and validation of a multi-domain kernel suitable for the integration of the elliptic partial differential equations arising from the fractional step procedure applied to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Numerical results for several test problems are compared to reference experimental and numerical data to demonstrate the potential of the method. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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