Age-related morphological and functional changes in the body lead to the development of arterial hypoxemia, tissue hypoxia and hypoxic changes, which reduces the body's resistance to hypoxia and contributes to the development of lung diseases, in particular chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the elderly. The aim of the study was to clarify the effect of interval normobaric hypoxic training (INHT) on hypoxia resistance in elderly patients with COPD. The survey showed that with an increase in bronchial obstruction, the shifts of blood saturation during hypoxia increase. The course of INHT leads to increased resistance to hypoxia, and also increases the ventilation response to hypoxia in elderly patients with COPD.
Abstract. The response of the respiratory system to dosed hypoxia (breathing with a gas mixture of 12% oxygen for 20 min) in the elderly with impaired (n = 35) and preserved glucose tolerance (n = 33) was studied. It is shown that the increase in lung ventilation occurs regardless of the state of carbohydrate metabolism in hypoxia. In people with impaired glucose tolerance, changes in lung ventilation in hypoxia are less significant than in people with persistent glucose tolerance. In persons with impaired glucose tolerance, an inverse relationship was found between the increase in pulmonary ventilation during hypoxia and insulin resistance (r = -0.26, p = 0.035), as well as between the increase in pulmonary ventilation during hypoxia and plasma glucose concentration due to 2 hours of standard glucose tolerance test (r = -0.31, p = 0.012). It is concluded that there is a causal relationship between impaired glucose tolerance and insufficient response of pulmonary ventilation to hypoxia in the elderly.
Keywords: elderly; impaired glucose tolerance; hypoxia; ventilation.
The aim of the work is to find out the effectiveness and duration of the breathing exercises with PEEP action on the cardiovascular system state in older patients with COPD.
Materials and methods. A total of 35 patients with COPD aged 60–74 years were examined. All the patients were divided into two groups: the main group (18 people) who received breathing exercises with PEEP, and the control group (17 people) who received simulated exercises. The cardiovascular system state was assessed. The examinations were performed in the initial state (before training), immediately after, one month later, and three months after the training course.
Results. The cardiovascular system state improved as a result of breathing exercises with PEEP in older patients with COPD. At the same time, the duration of the breathing exercises with PEEP action was short; the effect of their use was not preserved in a month. Relationships between shifts in SpO2 and cardiac output, as well as between shifts in SpO2 and peripheral vascular resistance immediately after the use of breathing exercises with PEEP in older patients with COPD have been established. A more significant and prolonged effect of breathing exercises with PEEP on the cardiovascular system functional state was observed in older COPD patients with more severe symptoms of the disease.
Conclusions. The increase in cardiovascular performance was influenced by breathing exercises with PEEP in older COPD patients due to the improved lung oxygenation capacity. The effect of breathing exercises with PEEP remained within a month after the training course and was more stable and longer in patients with severe clinical symptoms. Older COPD patients are advised to repeat the courses of breathing exercises with PEEP every month.
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