G›da tozlar›n›n daha iyi anlafl›lmas›, g›da sanayide kullan›lan üretim tekniklerinin iyilefltirilmesi, üretim verimlerinin art›r›lmas›, üretim hatt›ndaki kay›plar›n azalt›lmas›, temizlik için üretime ara verilme zaman› ve s›kl›¤›n›n azalt›lmas› ve etkin proses alet/ekipman dizayn› için g›da tozlar›n›n fiziksel, kimyasal ve davran›fl özelliklerinin karakterize edilmesi gereklidir. G›da maddelerinden elde edilen toz ürünlerin karmafl›k yap›lar› nedeniyle, istenen kalite ve özelliklerde ürün elde edilebilmesi için toz partiküllerinin flekil, boyut, fizikokimyasal yap›, çözünme gücü ve partiküller aras› yap›flma kuvveti gibi özelliklerin kontrol edilmesi gereklidir. Proses maliyetlerini azaltmak ve g›da proseslerinin ve bu proseslerde kullan›lan alet/ekipmanlar›n dizayn›n› do¤ru yapabilmek, toz kütlesi ak›fl›, ak›fla karfl› direnç, kek oluflturma potansiyeli ve yüzeylere yap›flma kuvveti gibi özelliklerin iyi anlafl›lmas›n› gerektirir. Bu araflt›rmada g›da tozlar›n›n genel özellikleri ve günümüze kadar kullan›lan baz› karakterizasyon tekniklerinden bahsedilmifltir. Ayr›ca, g›da tozlar› mühendisli¤i alan›nda yap›lan çal›flmalar›n ve partikül karakterizasyonunun sa¤layabilece¤i potansiyel faydalara de¤inilmifltir.
Production of hazelnut milk powder (HMP) was investigated using maltodextrin (MD) as supporting material. Spray-drying and freeze-drying techniques were used to obtain the powder material. MD was added at concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) prior to drying. The powder properties were evaluated by determining flowing properties (Hausner ratio and angle of repose), thermal behaviour using DSC, molecular properties using FTIR, solubility and zeta potential. Hausner Ratio for both spray dried (SDHMP) and freze-dried (FDHMP) samples varied from 1.30 to 1.64 corresponding to very poor flow. The FDHM powder samples exhibited slightly lower Hausner Ratio values than SDHM powders. FTIR spectras showed that both SDHM and FDHM exhibited similar absorbance characteristics with slight differences. Lower endothermic transition temperatures were recorded from FDHMP when compared to SDHMP. The solubility in water for both powder samples ranged from 20 to 65 % depending on the drying method and MD content. Based on the residual moisture content, water activity, solubility and flowability, spray drying process was found to produce better quality powders compared to freeze drying process.
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