Among these sensors, piezoresistive sensors, which convert mechanical pressure signals into resistance changes, are favored because of their simple measurement principles and device construction, good reliability, and fast response. A typical configuration of piezoresistive pressure sensors consists of two opposite conductive layers with a rough surface, resulting in a changeable contact resistance between the two layers that varies with applied pressures. To improve the sensitivity, pressure range, and linearity of the sensors, structural and morphological designs have been extensively explored, and various micro/nanostructures such as hemisphere, [19] pyramid, [20] interlock, [21] and bionic structures [22] have been developed. Despite the significant improvement of performance, it is still challenging to achieve mass production of a highly sensitive sensor with a broad detection range using a facile and cost-effective method. A feasible way for solving this problem is employing a fabric with woven structure, which has been widely investigated in flexible electronics owing to its simple preparation, natural surface roughness, soft texture, and air permeability, to improve the biological compatibility and wearing comfort.There are two methods for fabricating conductive fabrics for flexible devices. The first is the combination of a ready-made fabric with conductive nanomaterials. The second approach involves depositing conductive nanomaterials on polymer fibers to form conductive fibers and weaving the fibers into fabrics. Various nanomaterials, ranging from 0D to 2D nanomaterials, have been employed as conductive materials to design fabric-based devices, including nanoparticles, [23,24] carbon nanotubes, [25,26] metal nanowires, [27] graphene, [28][29][30] polymer fibers, [18,31] metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). [32] Lee et al. successively prepared conductive textiles coated with silver and platinum particles using a chemical method and atomic layer deposition. [13,24] The sensitivity and pressure range of the prepared sensor are 0.21 kPa −1 and 10 kPa, respectively. Lou et al. designed a triboelectric fabric using nylon and polytetrafluoroethylene as the positive and negative layers. [18] This washable fabric achieved sensitive and self-powered pressure sensing, with a drawback of limited pressure range (<13 kPa). To our knowledge, most conductive fabrics combined with 1D and 2D materials for piezoresistive sensors are prepared using a simple dip-coating principle. Dip coating is a common method toThe rise of Internet of Things and wearable healthcare electronics has prompted the rapid development of wearable pressure sensors. A novel developing trend focuses on a pressure sensor with high sensitivity over a wide pressure range, multifunction, breathability, and excellent wearing comfort, which remains a challenge. To address these issues, an all-fabric device is designed by loading Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets onto woven fabrics through a simple dip-coating method and sewing three fabric layers with differe...
In recent years, the two-dimensional material MXene has shown great advantages in the field of wearable electronics and pressure sensors. Toward advanced applications, achieving a conformal pressure sensor with ultrathin thickness and great flexibility through a simple preparation principle, while maintaining its high sensitivity and wide detection range, is still a key challenge for the development of high-performance pressure sensors. Herein, we proposed an optimized mild LiF/HCl etching scheme and successfully achieved a high-concentration (>25 mg/mL) preparation of few-layer Ti3C2T x MXene. Combining the prepared MXene with an aramid nanofiber (ANF), we designed an ultrathin layered pressure sensor based on an MXene/ANF composite through layer-by-layer suction filtration. The mechanical strength is greatly enhanced by composition with the ANF, while the pure MXene film is fragile. The sensor achieves a high sensitivity of 16.7 kPa–1, wide detection range (>100 kPa), only 10 μm thickness, great flexibility, and up to 10% stretchability, which are greatly beneficial to practical sensors. We demonstrated the wide application perspective of the sensor in human motion monitoring and human–machine interfaces from low pressure (human pulse) to high pressure (push-up).
Existing technologies for harvesting electrical energy from gentle wind face an enormous challenge due to the limitations of cut-in and rated wind speed. Here, a leaf-like triboelectric nanogenerator (LL-TENG) is proposed that uses contact electrification caused by the damped forced vibration of topology-optimized structure consisting of flexible leaf, vein bearing plate, and counterweight piece. The effectiveness of the topology-optimized leaflike structure is studied, which solves the problem of reduced output due to electrostatic adsorption between the leaf surfaces while reducing the cut-in (0.2 m s −1 ) and rated wind speed (2.5 m s −1 ). The LL-TENG unit having small dimensions of 40 cm −2 (mass of 9.7 g) at a gentle wind of 2.5 m s −1 exhibits outstanding electrical performances, which produces an open-circuit voltage of 338 V, a short-circuit current of 7.9 µA and the transferred charge density of 62.5 µC m −2 with a low resonant frequency of 4 Hz, giving an instantaneous peak power of 2 mW. A distributed power source consists of the five LL-TENGs in parallel is developed by designed self-adaptive structure, for which the peak power output reaches 3.98 mW, and its practicability and durability are successfully demonstrated. This study is a promising distributed power source technology to drive electronics in gentle wind outdoor environments.
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