Cardiovascular risk markers such as ADMA, CRP, Hcy, PAI-1, VEGF and ANGPTL6 levels are elevated in women with PCOS.

Objective:To assess whether the abdominal scar characteristics and closure of the peritoneum were associated with pelvic adhesions.Materials and Methods:Patients who had undergone cesarean section between December 2015 and February 2016 were assessed prospectively in terms of age, gravida, body mass index, number of living children, number of cesarean sections, time passed since the last cesarean section, closure status of the peritoneum in the last cesarean section, presence of other diseases, smoking status, location of incision in the abdomen (medial, pfannenstiel) scar dimensions (length, width), scar status with respect to skin (hypertrophic, flat, depressive), scar color [color change/no color change (hyperpigmented/hypopigmented)], adhesion of bowel-omentum-uterus, omentum-anterior abdominal wall, uterus-anterior abdominal wall, uterus-bladder, bladder-anterior abdominal wall, fixed uterus, and uterus-omentum-anterior abdominal wall in abdominal exploration.Results:One hundred five pregnant women who had undergone previous ceserean section surgery by the same physician, were at least in their 30th gestational week, had surgery notes about their previous operation, and had no chronic diseases were included in the study. Age, gravida, body mass index, number of children, number of cesarean sections, time passed since the previous cesarean section, closure/non-closure of peritoneum in the previous cesarean section, and smoking status had no effect on pelvic adhesions. Intraabdominal adhesion was not found to be associated with scar length [odds ratio (OR): 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-2.2; p=0.02], depressive scar (OR: 9.3, 95% CI: 3.2-27.2; p<0.001), or hypopigmented scar [OR: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.003-0.11; p<0.001].Conclusion:Adhesions following surgical operations are of great importance due to complications for the patient, complications in relaparotomy, and high costs. Depressive and hypopigmented abdominal scars may be associated with pelvic adhesions. We believe that closure or non-closure of the parietal peritoneum is not associated with pelvic adhesions.

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Introduction. Vulvar cyst in adolescent girls is very uncommon. Epidermoid cyst can be seen in many sites including face, trunk, and extremities but its occurrence in vulva is uncommon. This is the first case of epidermoid cyst of vulva reported in an adolescent girl. Case. A 17-year-old, adolescent girl admitted to our gynecology outpatient clinic with a complaint of painful and palpable mass in her vulva. On examination, a giant mass located in left vulva and labia majora with 11 cm in diameter was seen. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a well-defined cystic mass without contrast enhancement. The surgery was advised to the patient and the pathologic examination of mass revealed vulvar epidermoid cyst. Discussion. Vulvar cysts generally grow slowly and the main etiologies are vulvar trauma and surgical interventions including episiotomy and female circumcision in some culture. The exact treatment is total surgical excision and pathologic examination. MRI is an important imaging modality for detection of extension to deep perineal tissue and localization of mass in vulva especially in giant ones. Conclusion. Although vulvar mass in adolescents is rare, the epidermoid cyst with benign origin should be kept in mind.

Introduction: Tubal reanastamosis offers hope to conceive again. However, there are many factors that affect the success of this procedure. In our study we aimed to compare the pregnancy rates of the surgical methods used for tubal reanastamosis in pregnancy requested after tubal sterilization.Methods: In our study we compared the rates of pregnancies after reanastamosis retrospectively in female patients under the age of 40 who underwent reanastamosis between 2010 and 2019 with laparotomic, laparoscopic and robotic methods. A single layer of 4 quadrant 6/0 number polydioxanone absorbable sutures were used in all surgical methods. A similar surgical technique was used. Results: In surgical methods (laparotomy, laparoscopy, and robotics), there was a statistical difference between the three groups in terms of operation times of surgical methods used for tubal reanastamosis (p < 0.05). Laparotomy, laparoscopy, and robotics pregnancy rates were 52.6% (n = 41), 67.3% (n = 37), 61.2%(n = 63), respectively. There was no statistical difference between groups in terms of pregnancy rates. However, odds ratio (OR) values of the laparoscopy group and robotics group probability of conception were 1.536 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.813-2.898), 1.111 (95% CI, 0.656-1.879) higher, respectively.Conclusions: Although there is no statistical difference between the surgical methods used for tubal reanastamosis, we think that the laparoscopic surgical method may be preferable due to the shorter hospital stay. We think that the previous method of bilateral tubaligastion (BTL), the site of reanastasis, and the time between BTL and reanastomosis were effective in pregnancy success.

Objective: This study aimed to estimate the importance of complete blood count parameters for predicting the timing of birth in threatened preterm labour cases. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 92 patients who were diagnosed with threatened preterm labour (24-34 gestational weeks). The patients were divided into two groups according to the time of birth (group 1: delivered within the first week after diagnosis; group 2: delivered later than 1 week). We compared characteristics and complete blood count parameters between these two groups.Results: There were no significant differences in maternal age, body mass index, gravida, parity, haemoglobin levels, and gestational weeks between the two groups. The mean cervical length was 24.24 AE 3.60 mm in group 1 and 30.70 AE 5.32 mm in group 2. There were significant differences in the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, white blood cell count, red cell distribution width (RDW), absolute lymphocyte cell count, and absolute neutrophil cell count between the two groups. Conclusion: Maternal serum RDW, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, white blood cell count, absolute lymphocyte cell count, and the absolute neutrophil cell count profile could guide clinicians in predicting the time of birth in threatened preterm labour cases. KeywordsRed cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), preterm birth, delivery, cervical length, white blood cells Date

Objectives In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of advanced maternal age on perinatal outcomes in nulliparous singleton pregnancy. Methods The perinatal outcome data of 11,366 patients who gave birth between 2015 and 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were subgrouped according to their age as control group (C) (20–29 years), late advanced maternal age group (30–34 years), advanced maternal age group (35–39 years), and very advanced maternal age group (≥40 years). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to test the possible independent role of maternal age as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results Statistically significant difference was observed between the control group and the other groups in terms of preterm delivery, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), small gestational age (SGA), large gestational age (LGA), premature rupture of membranes (PROM), high birth weight (HBW), and perinatal mortality rates (p<0.05). An increased risk of the need for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and perinatal mortality was observed in groups over 35 years old. Conclusions Age poses a risk in terms of preterm delivery, preeclampsia, LGA, GDM, and HBW in the groups over 30 years of maternal age. The rates of PROM, NICU, and perinatal mortality increase in addition to those perinatal results in the groups above 35 years of maternal age.

Aim To present our experiences in isolated fallopian tubal torsion (IFTT) case series, which are difficult to diagnose, in light of the literature. Methods The data of the patients diagnosed with IFTT surgically in our tertiary hospital between 2018 and 2019 were evaluated. Results Abdominal lower quadrant pain was present in all nine cases. Abdominal pain was accompanied by nausea in five of the nine cases with vomiting in four of the nine cases. Seven of the patients had pain radiating to the vagina. Only one case of IFTT was diagnosed with transvaginal ultrasonography where left tubal dilation and free fluid in the abdomen was found. Two of the nine cases were operated on with a preoperative diagnosis of IFTT. Seven cases were approached laparoscopically and two cases underwent a laparotomy. During the treatment, two of the nine cases underwent detorsion, while seven of the patients underwent a salpingectomy. Conclusion IFTT is a very rare condition. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose as it does not come to mind at first glance. Delay of the operation reduces the chance of preserving the tube.