We previously reported that kiwi fruit is rich in polyphenols and has immunostimulatory activity. Polyphenols are widely known for having anti-oxidant effects. We also revealed potential anti-oxidant effects of kiwi fruit in vivo by oral administration to mice. Here, we compared the anti-oxidant effects of kiwi fruit with those of other fruits in vitro. Then, we examined the inhibitory effects of kiwi fruit on oxidation in the human body. There are two varieties of kiwi fruit, green kiwi and gold kiwi. We also examined variation between these varieties. Comparison of the anti-oxidant effects in vitro demonstrated that kiwi fruit had stronger anti-oxidant effects than orange and grapefruit, which are rich in vitamin C; gold kiwi had the strongest anti-oxidant effects. Kiwi fruit inhibited oxidation of biological substances in the human body. In particular, kiwi fruit may inhibit early lipid oxidation. In this study, kiwi fruit had strong anti-oxidant effects and may prevent the development and deterioration of diseases caused by oxidative stress.
We have been investigating the immunopotentiating activity (biological response modifier (BRM)-like activity) of different fruits and attempting to clarify whether the level of this activity is consistent with the content of vitamins or other major nutrients in these fruit. In this study, we focused on kiwi fruit, which contains vitamin C and polyphenol and has a high BRM-like activity and anti-oxidant activity. We evaluated differences in this activity according to the strain and maturity. To determine the antioxidant effects of oral kiwi fruit intraperitoneal administration, mice were administered kiwi fruit juice. It was found that the BRM-like activity of green kiwi fruit was slightly higher than that of gold kiwi fruit, but the differences were slight between strains and maturity level. After oral administration of kiwi fruit juice to mice, cytokine production increased. The evaluation of urinary oxidative stress markers revealed marked inhibition of in vivo oxidative stress following oral kiwi fruit administration. These results suggest that kiwi fruit intake has beneficial effects on the body, increasing cytokine production and exerting antioxidant effects.
BackgroundKinematic chain of whole body is important during golf swing. Moreover, it was suggested that kinematics of golf swing was affected by fatigue. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the golf swing before and after fatigue of trunk muscles, and to assess the effect of the fatigue on kinematics of trunk as well as lower extremity. A total of 11 healthy adults participated in the current study. Golf swing motion in each subject was measured with a 7-iron on a grass plate using motion capture system. Three-dimensional kinematics of trunk and lower extremity on the lead side were evaluated.ResultsSagittal trunk instability was observed after fatigue. Regarding the kinematic chain, range of motion of trunk rotation (r = -0.76, p < 0.01) and knee rotation (r = 0.82, p < 0.01) were significantly correlated with the hindfoot rotation before the fatigue task. However, after the fatigue task, the hindfoot rotation was significantly correlated only with the knee rotation (r = 0.76, p <0.01). ConclusionsAs fatigue of trunk muscles will alter swing movement and kinematic chain, trunk muscle training can be one of key strategies to maintain swing performance. Trial registrationOur study was registered to UMIN (No. 000037037, date; 01/07/2019).
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