Since the 80's, Johanssen's Yield Theory has been adapted to fit new design practices: fastening of timber elements with a layer of insulation (or gap) between the elements or fastening with inclined fasteners. However no rules exist for connections with large gaps (up to 500 mm) and inclined fasteners. The behaviour of screwed connections (timber/large gap/timber) is modelled using an orthotropic material, cohesive surface, Hill criterion and a fictitious material that wraps the screw and models a complex medium where steel and wood interact. The calibrated FE model is finally compared to experimental results.
A test method to obtain the strength and the fracture characteristics of the bond of glued-in rods for timber structures is presented. Test results from a series of tests using the proposed method are also given. The test method makes it possible to record the complete stressdisplacement response of small test specimens. This response includes the softening behaviour after peak stress, i.e. the decreasing stress at increasing deformation. The test series include three adhesives, two rod materials, four load-to-grain angles and two timber qualities with different densities. A method to evaluate the fracture-softening behaviour is also proposed. The fracture softening is evaluated by using only a part of the stress-displacement curve. The part used in the evaluation is determined in terms of the slope of the descending part of the stress-displacement curve.
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