Elephant grass is a tropical forage plant widely spread in Brazil, used mainly in the livestock sector and in cattle feeding. Because of its high productivity and photosynthetic capacity, this culture has also been considered an alternative source of renewable energy. Six clones of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) were evaluated under five levels of nitrogen fertilization (100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 kg•N•ha −1 ), in a randomized-block design with a split-plot arrangement with three replicates, from April 2010 to December 2012, in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. The objective was to obtain estimates of variation in morpho-agronomic traits and biomass quality. We observed that genotypes Cameroon-Piracicaba and Guaçu I/Z2 have great potential to be used, with maximum dry matter yields of 60.97 and 44.10 t•ha −1 per cut for energy purposes among the studied genotypes.
Elephant grass is a plant of tropical origin with high biomass-production potential that stands out today as an alternative energy source. The potential of its genotypes depends on the genotype × environment interaction. The objective of this study was to estimate the genotype × environment interaction and compare stability methods in elephant grass for biomass production in a biannual cutting regime. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with two replicates and evaluations of 73 elephant-grass genotypes in six cuts. The trait dry matter yield was utilized for the analysis of the genotype × environment interaction and the stability. The stability analysis methods employed were those of Yates and Cochran, Plaisted and Peterson, Wricke, Annicchiarico, Lin and Binns, and Huehn. Kang and Phan's ranking was adopted for all the methods. Spearman's coefficient was utilized to evaluate the degree of agreement between the different methods employed. Significant differences were observed for the genotype × environment interaction. Non-parametric Lin and Binns' and Annicchiarico's methods were more discriminating than the analysis of variance methods in the evaluation of stability and productivity of the tested genotypes.
The elephant grass has gained prominence as one of the main forage species used for biomass production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify elephant grass genotypes with high energy biomass production potential by evaluating morpho-agronomic and biomass quality. The following traits were evaluated in this study: dry matter yield (DMY), percentage of whole-plant dry matter (%DM), percentage of neutral detergent fiber (%NDF), percentage of acid detergent fiber (%ADF); percentage of cellulose (%CEL), percentage of lignin (%LIG), percentage of carbon (%C), percentage of nitrogen (%N), and carbon: nitrogen ratio (C: N). Five different production ages were evaluated, and significant differences were observed for the variable DMY. The harvests performed at 20 and 24 weeks of age, provided the best response for biomass energy production (DMY) from elephant grass, averaging 20.50 and 23.77 t.ha −1. The genotypes that most stood out during the evaluation period at the five production ages were King Grass, Mole de Volta Grande, and Mercker 86-México. Genotypes Mole de Volta Grande and King Grass are the most suitable for elephant grass breeding programs aimed at biomass energy production in the conditions of Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil.
Elephant grass has been proposed for the energy sector as a possible source of renewable energy, because of its high biomass production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the mineral nutrients nitrogen and potassium on the morpho-agronomic traits (dry mater yield (DMY), percentage of DM (%DM), number of tillers per linear meter (NT), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD) and leaf blade width (LW)) in different elephant grass genotypes in a randomized-block experimental treatment in a split-plot arrangement with three replications, in which the genotype factor ('Cuban Pinda'-G1; 'IAC Campinas'-G2; and 'Cameroon'-G3) was randomized in the plot, and the N and K factor was randomized in the sub-plot. The increase in nitrogen and potassium doses utilized influenced very little or almost did not influence the response of the three genotypes for the different morpho-agronomic traits assessed. The three genotypes had high number of tillers, height, and stem diameter at the lowest N and K doses, demonstrating a possible trend of high doses not providing a highly significant increase in these traits. The study of DMY showed that under a low nitrogen dose and with increase in potassium concentrations, dry matter yield increased; however, as the nitrogen dose increased in associated with potassium doses, dry matter yield did not augment, but was rather suppressed. The three elephant grass genotypes: 'Cuban Pinda', 'IAC Campinas', and 'Cameroon', had average dry yields of 52.66, 50.60, and 48.57 t ha-1 , respectively. Results are highly promising and prove the possibility of using elephant grass as an alternative source for biomass production.
RESUMOUma das bases de um curso de farmácia é a química, sendo que uma gama de conteúdo é incluída na ementa da disciplina. No entanto, muitas vezes, torna-se difícil o cumprimento de todos os conteúdos. É importante, portanto, a identificação de conteúdos que são essenciais diante da restrição de tempo existente em alguns casos. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar os conteúdos de química que são essenciais para as disciplinas específicas do curso técnico em farmácia. Foi elaborado e aplicado um questionário contendo dimensões e conteúdos da disciplina de química. A coleta de dados se deu entre maio e julho de 2015, entrevistando-se 84 alunos no último módulo e 11 docentes de cursos técnicos de farmácia em Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. Foi aplicado o método de Lawshe para validação dos itens. Como resultado, percebeu-se que a maioria dos conteúdos das dimensões: "tabela periódica", "fundamentos das reações químicas", "misturas e soluções", "acidez e basicidade" e "funções inorgânicas" foram consideradas como essenciais, tanto sob a percepção de docentes quanto dos discentes. No caso das dimensões: "átomos", "ligação química", "moléculas" e "química orgânica", há necessidade de reavaliação, aumentando-se o tamanho da amostra, para conclusões mais definitivas. Concluiu-se que parte dos conteúdos de química disponibilizados para o curso técnico em farmácia poderiam ser excluídos, sugerindo-se uma reavaliação e discussão das ementas, o que permitiria otimizar o tempo e investimento de esforços em conteúdos realmente prioritários para a formação técnica e o exercício da profissão.
RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os pontos críticos de um curso técnico em farmácia, visando a posterior adoção de estratégias para melhorar os cursos e reduzir o índice de evasão. Para tal, foi elaborado um questionário contendo 16 itens relacionados às condições socioeconômicas e familiares; à qualidade / infraestrutura escolar; aos aspectos gerais relativos ao curso; à qualidade do curso / ensino na instituição e ao relacionamento entre docente e aluno, sendo que os entrevistados atribuíam notas de 1 a 5 quanto à importância e à satisfação com estes itens. Foram entrevistados 91 alunos de um curso técnico em farmácia localizado em Campos dos Goytacazes, durante os meses de junho e julho de 2015. Para análise dos dados, foram utilizados os métodos de Satisfação simples, análise de GAP, Importância versus Satisfação, Abordagem Multiplicativa (Insatisfação Ponderada). Como resultado, verificou-se que são pontos a serem melhorados por terem alta importância e baixa satisfação: "Estágio"; "Atualização do curso quanto a novos produtos farmacêuticos"; "Estrutura física dos laboratórios"; "Oportunidade de emprego e mercado local favorável"; "Visitas técnicas"; e "Palestras e contato com profissionais". Interessante notar que estes pontos críticos estão relacionados às práticas que envolvem ações por parte da instituição, da equipe de gestão e docentes que atuam no curso. Os resultados apontam para situações que talvez possam ser melhoradas construindo-se práticas cotidianas que favoreçam e despertem o interesse não somente dos alunos, mas também dos docentes, tais como cursos de formação continuada, práticas didáticas e pedagógicas.Palavras chave: Questionário; Ensino; Evasão; Avaliação Institucional; Técnico em farmácia. ABSTRACTThe objective of this work is to identify, through institutional evaluation, the critical points in the technical course in pharmacy, with the aim to adopt strategies to improve the courses and reduce dropout rates. The evaluation consisted of questionnaires to 91 students from the technical course in pharmacy. These questionnaires had sixteen general questions about the socioeconomic and family circumstances; quality / school infrastructure; General aspects of the course; quality of course / teaching in the institution; and relationship between teacher and student. Then, based on a survey of these data, it applied descriptive methods to quantify the points assessed as positive, negative, important and critical. These methods are as follows: simple satisfaction; Gap analysis; Importance vs. Satisfaction; Multiplicative approach (Dissatisfaction weighted). So check that all items evaluated
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