Chronic renal failure is a progressive disease characterized by a gradual destruction of nephrons and a consequent reduction of kidney function. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) necessitates renal replacement therapy as peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, or transplantation. Patients affected by ESRD or in hemodialysis are at risk for developing a number of comorbidities including hypertension, anemia, risk of bleeding, susceptibility to infection, medication side effects, and oral manifestations associated with the disease itself and with hemodialysis treatment. In this context, oral diseases represent a potential and preventable cause of poor health outcomes in people with ESRD due to their relation to infection, inflammation, and malnutrition. The aim of this article was to review ESRD and hemodialysis-associated manifestations and to describe the dental operative protocols for patients awaiting kidney transplantation in light of the most recent literature.

Complications after tooth extraction may occur because of several factors correlated to the patient's medical history, surgical site or type of intervention. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate type and frequency of complications after exodontic surgery, its correlation with antibiotic administration and between patient's related systemic factors. From June 2015 until February 2016 1701 exodontic interventions, for a total of 2322 extracted teeth, were carried out at the Unit of Oral Surgery in Trieste. Descriptive statistic, and backward multiple logistic regressions were performed to identify the variables associated with the presence of post-operative alveolitis or any other post-operative complication. The presence of coagulopathy and smoking habit were related to high risk of post-operative alveolitis (OR = 5.51, p = 0.035 and OR = 2.5, p = 0.029, respectively). Tooth fracture was found to be correlated with higher probability of post-operative alveolitis (p = 0.001) and concomitant chemotherapy put at a higher risk post-operative complications, including alveolitis (OR = 29.5, p = 0.018). According to the present results, antibiotic consumption did not seem to reduce the incidence of post-operative infective complications (alveolitis). A careful analysis of medical history, the adequate surgical technique, and the correct instructions in post-surgical behavior, prevent the insurgence of intra and post-operative complications.

Lenarda (2019): Elongation of the styloid processes in kidney-transplanted patients: The role of ectopic calcification as possible cause of Eagle syndrome, CRANIO®,

ObjectivesTo evaluate the level of knowledge of pregnant women and puerpers about oral health and prevention during and after gestation.MethodsOne hundred women aged 18–49 years (mean age 33 ± 6 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. An anonymous questionnaire with 24 items related to oral health has been administered during or just after pregnancy. Firstly, answers have been analyzed on the full population and then subdividing the sample on the base of age ranges (G1: 18–25 years, G2: 26–35 years and G3: >35 years) and number of pregnancies (FP: first pregnancy; SP: second or more pregnancies). Parametric tests have been chosen for the statistical analysis; in particular, Anova test for independent samples was used to evaluate differences of baseline demographic characteristics among subgroups G1, G2, G3 while chi-square test was used for FP and SP subgroups. Anova test was also used to intercept differences on answers given to the questionnaire among G1, G2 and G3 group; for FP and SP group was used t-test.ResultsLevel of information and knowledge of the full sample was medium-low and no significant differences have been observed between groups regarding awareness of the own level of the oral hygiene and knowledge of oral care.ConclusionsResults of this survey underline the high necessity of educational programs regarding oral care in pregnant and puerpers women. A strict collaboration between medical figures (dentist, oral hygienist, gynecologist and obstetric) is strongly encouraged to spread the concept of prevention.

The scientific evidence does not support the usefulness in clinical practice of the jaw-tracking devices to diagnose temporomandibular disorders because their diagnostic reliability is poor.