The objective of this paper is to test a revised method of age estimation based on the morphology of the auricular surface recently proposed by Buckberry and Chamberlain ([2002] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 119:231-239). The study sample consists of 309 individuals of known sex, age, and race from the Terry and Huntington Collections. Auricular surfaces were scored using the revised technique to determine whether it is equally applicable to both sexes as well as blacks and whites. The auricular surfaces of the same individuals were also scored using the original method of auricular surface scoring developed by Lovejoy et al. ([1985] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 68:15-28) to determine whether the revised technique is comparable to the original method in terms of accuracy. Results show that the revised method is equally applicable to males and females as well as blacks and whites. The revised method is less accurate than the original method for individuals between 20-49 years of age, but more accurate for individuals between 50-69 years of age.
Mycology was a well-studied discipline in Australia and New Zealand, Europe, South Africa and the USA. In Asia (with the exception of Japan) and South America, the fungi were generally poorly known and studied, except for the result of forays from some American and European mycologists. However, in the last 20 years, the situation has changed. With the development of Asian economies, the funding for science research and development has greatly increased. Mycological research has also diversified in many fields. Many studies have focused on applied aspects and new journals and websites have been established as a platform for Asian mycologists to publish their research. This paper will briefly review the history of the study of fungi in Asia and then discuss how it advanced during the last two decades. It will examine the current situation using case studies in plant pathogens, terrestrial saprobes, aquatic fungi, evolution studies, genomics and applied mycology and biotechnology. Finally, it will suggest research that is needed in the future.
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