The reproducibility of quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements using MRI with arterial spin labeling and acetazolamide challenge was assessed in 12 normal subjects, each undergoing the identical experimental procedure on two separate days. CBF was measured on a 1.5T scanner using a flowsensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) pulse sequence, performed both at baseline and 12 min after intravenous administration of acetazolamide. T 1 was measured in conjunction with the FAIR scan in order to calculate quantitative CBF. The CBF maps were segmented to separate gray matter (GM) from white matter (WM) for region-of-interest (ROI) analyses. Postacetazolamide CBF values (ml/100 g/min, mean ؎ SD) of 87.5 ؎ 12.5 (GM) and 46.1 ؎ 10.8 (WM) represented percent increases of 37.7% ؎ 24.4% (GM) and 40.1% ؎ 24.4% (WM). Day-to-day differences in baseline CBF were ؊1.7 ؎ 6.9 (GM) and -1.4 ؎ 4.7 (WM) or, relative to the mean CBF over both days for each subject, -2.5% ؎ 11.7% (GM) and ؊3.8% ؎ 13.6% (WM) Dayto-day differences in absolute post-ACZ CBF increase were ؊2.5 ؎ 6.8 (GM) and 2.7 ؎ 9.4 (WM) or, relative to the mean CBF increase over both days for each subject, -4.7% ؎ 13.3% (GM) and 9.1%

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether adolescent athletes' levels of sport burnout would be correlated with, or predicted by, their level and type of passion and the degree to which they identify with the athlete role. Measures for burnout, passion and athletic identity were completed by 218 high school female athletes attending summer camps. Two significant canonical functions explained the relationship of the variables. In the first canonical function, high levels of harmonious passion combined with high levels of social identity were predictive of lower levels of burnout on all three dimensions of burnout. In the second canonical function, high scores on obsessive passion combined with high scores on all three subscales of the AIMS were predictive of higher scores on the exhaustion dimension of burnout but lower levels of sport devaluation. Future directions and limitations of the study are also discussed.

This study examines implications of the expanded use of mobile platforms in testing cognitive function, and generates evidence on the impact utilizing mobile platforms for dementia screen. The Saint Louis University Mental State examination (SLUMS) was ported onto a computerized mobile application named the Cambridge University Pen to Digital Equivalence assessment (CUPDE). CUPDE was piloted and compared to the traditional pen and paper version, with a common comparator test for both groups. Sixty healthy participants (aged 50–79) completed both measurements. Differences were tested between overall outcomes, individual items, and relationship with the comparator. Significant differences in the overall scores between the two testing versions as well as within individual items were observed. Even when groups were matched by cognitive function and age, scores on SLUMS original version (M = 19.75, SD = 3) were significantly higher than those on CUPDE (M = 15.88, SD = 3.5), t(15) = 3.02, p < 0.01. Mobile platforms require the development of new normative standards, even when items can be directly translated. Furthermore, these must fit aging populations with significant variance in familiarity with mobile technology. Greater understanding of the interplay and related mechanisms between auditory and visual systems, which are not well understood yet in the context of mobile technologies, is mandatory.

T his study was conducted to determine whether adolescent athletes' perceptions of their team's level and type of cohesion would be related to, or differ as a function of, their perceptions of their team's motivational climate. This hypothesized link was assessed using both group comparison and multivariate correlational analyses. Study participants (N = 351 adolescent athletes) were recruited from sports camps conducted for high school-aged athletes at universities, colleges, and other sport facilities throughout the United States. Athletes completed questionnaires to assess perceived coach-initiated motivational climate (PMCSQ-2) and perceived team cohesion (GEQ). Based on their scores on perceived motivational climate, athletes were divided into four climate type groups: Low Task/Low Ego; Low Task/High Ego; High Task/Low Ego; High Task/High Ego. MANOVA comparisons revealed that athletes in both high task groups (High Task/Low Ego and High Task/High Ego) exhibited higher perceptions of all forms of group cohesion. Canonical correlation analyses verified the primary link between a task-oriented team climate and high levels of group cohesion but also revealed some positive aspects of an ego-oriented climate. The obtained results revealed that a coach-initiated task-oriented climate is most strongly linked to high levels of perceived team cohesion. However, elements of an ego-oriented climate can also be positively associated with high levels of team cohesiveness provided they are accompanied by selected components of a mastery climate. Keywords 26Over the past couple of decades, a relatively large number of sport psychology-based studies have been conducted to examine cohesiveness within competitive sport teams. Recent reviews of this research (e.g., Carron & Brawley, 2008;Carron, Eys, & Martin, 2012) have provided support for the notion that high levels of cohesiveness within teams can serve as a facilitator of athletes' psychosocial well-being and possibly their performance. These reviews have also identified a number of factors that may impact team cohesion levels. One such factor may be the behavior of the coach. Although there is a relatively large literature base (see reviews by Chelladurai, 2007;Côté & Gilbert, 2009;Duda & Balaguer, 2007) examining how coaches' behaviors affect the psychological responses of individual athletes, there is less research that has looked at the effects of coaches' behaviors on the psychological well-being of the team.The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the type of motivational climate that coaches create in practice and competitive contexts and their adolescent athletes' perceptions of their team's cohesiveness. This link was examined using both group comparison and multivariate correlational procedures. To provide a context for this study, the relevant research on cohesion and motivational climate is reviewed in the following sections. Team CohesionWithin the sport setting, team or group cohesion has been defined by Carron, Widmeyer, and Brawle...

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