The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biomechanic factors to teach different hook punches in boxing. Eight light middleweight boxing athletes (mean age±SD 19.00±2.00 yrs, mean height±SD 173.88±3.89 cm, mean weight±SD 64.25±4.66 kg) participated in this study. Athletes performed a trial using three different hook punch techniques on a sandbag. The techniques were recorded using eight cameras using a frequency of 120 Hz. Qualisys Track Manager was used to analysis on motion. Mean acceleration of the sandbag, stride length, angles of the knee, shoulder, and elbow were calculated. The forces of impact were also calculated. Hook punch data were compared with Friedman test using SPSS 20.0. The results indicated a significant difference was found only in stride length. Stride length using a southpaw stance was shorter than the other stances (p<0.05). Athletes need more practice increasing stride length and use a repeating method in Mitt workout, models, sandbag trainings, self- monitoring and regional trainings.
The Purpose of the study is to determine whether there is a meaningful difference between the self-efficacy and self-efficacy perceptions of the footballers (gender, marital status, age and education level etc.) according to their personal qualities. The sample of the work consists of professional male and female soccer teams in Ankara. A total of 354 athletes from 10 male to 5 female soccer teams participated in the study. 128 female soccer players and 226 male soccer players participated. The majority of the athletes participating in the survey are between the ages of 19-23. ''Group Cohesion Scale'' developed by Hatem Ocel and Orhan Aydın (2006) and '' General Self-Efficacy Scale'' developed by Aysin Yesilay, Ralf Shcwarzer and Matthias Gersusalem (1995) were used in the research. Because of the obtained data did not show normal distribution, the nonparametric tests Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis test statistics were used. According to the findings, "Group Cohesion and Self-Efficacy" perceptions differ significantly according to gender. Male participants (X =2,26) were found to have a higher "Group Cohesion" score than female participants (X = 2,08). It is also seen that male participants (X = 2,14) received "Self-Efficacy" scores higher than female participants (X = 1.96). According to the marital status variable, there was no significant difference in the perception of "Group Cohesion" and "Self-Efficacy". There was a significant difference between "Group Cohesion" scores according to age variable. As a result of the multiple comparison tests, the 15-18 age groups were found to score higher than the age group of 19 and above. According to the educational status variable, there was no significant difference between the scale scores of "Group Cohesion and Self-Efficacy".
This study was conducted to test the identification and loyalty levels of Euro Cup fans. 354 people from the Euro Cup fans, male (n = 249) and female (n = 105), participated in the study. Male participants constitute 70.3% of the total sample, while female participants constitute 29.7%. Identification and loyalty scale, which was adapted to Turkish from the scale created by Donavan et al. (2005) for the determination of the degree of identification and PCT (Psychological Commitment to Team) scale created by Pritchard et al. (1992) and tested for validity and reliability by Mahony et al. (2000) to analyze the level of psychological commitment of the fan by Giray ( 2008), and whose reliability and validity was made, was used in this study. Nonparametric analysis methods were used in the study. In conclusion, statistical differences were found between the groups of gender, income status, occupations and age variables of the participants.
This study uses method to determine the levels of sport attitude of vocational school of health students in various health departments. It is important to determine the sports attitude level of university students. Socio-demographic information form of students consisting of 8 items was created to examine the attitude of students studying in the field of exercise, sports and health, which are among the main factors of health. In the second part of the questionnaire, "Sport-Oriented Attitude Scale" was used which is composed of 28 items and 3 sub-dimensions and validity and reliability study of the scale was performed by Şentürk (2015). A total of 382 people, 25.9% male and 74.1% female participated. Results revealed that sport attitude scores of males are higher than females’, and a statistically significant difference was found (p<0.5). Participants who were 28 years old and above had higher scores than others in terms of being interested in sport (p<0.006), giving importance to sport (p<0.027) and doing sport actively (p<0.017) and there was a statistically significant difference between them. However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the individuals’ sport status, their income level, place of residence, age and gender.
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