A study was implemented to investigate the presence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in East Turkey. This study was based on clinical surveillance in the field, surveillance at regional slaughterhouses and regular submission of suspected lesions to regional laboratories. The results showed that the agent of CCPP, Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp), could be detected by culture and specific polymerase chain reaction from 37.5% (12/32) of lung samples taken from goats of ten different herds. This agent was also isolated from two of 13 sheep samples (one from the lung and the other from a nasal swab). Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae was isolated in pure culture and characterised at a finer molecular level. The East Turkish isolate was found to be closely related to another strain of Turkish origin, as well as to Mccp strains isolated in Tunisia. The isolation of Mccp from sheep lung lesions brings the strict host-specificity of this pathogen into question. It may also indicate that Mccp presents a risk for wildlife in the region. Such results, the authors believe, demonstrate that adequate risk assessments should be undertaken in Turkey and neighbouring countries. Keywords Caprines-Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia-East Turkey-Goats-Isolation-Molecular characterisation-Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae-Mycoplasma mycoides cluster-Pleuropneumonia-Polymerase chain reaction-Sheep-Small ruminants-Turkey. Palabras clave Agrupamiento de Mycoplasma mycoides-Aislamiento-Cabra-Caprino-Caracterización molecular-Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae-Ovino-Pequeño rumiante-Pleuroneumonía-Pleuroneumonía contagiosa caprina-Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa-Turquía-Turquía oriental.
A significant portion of the problems faced by veterinarians is related to communication. These problems are intensely experienced between veterinary practitioners and animal owners; yet no lectures or courses aiming to improve professional skills are available in the curriculum of veterinary schools in Turkey. In this study, all students currently enrolled at, and 1992 and 1998 graduates of, the Veterinary School of Firat University (VSFU), Turkey, were surveyed to evaluate the attitudes of veterinary students and graduates toward technical and professional skills. Data were collected from 581 students and 61 recent graduates via personal interviews with students and questionnaires mailed to graduates; information was obtained about participants' technical and professional skills. The overall response rate was 85%. The results show that learning about technical and professional skills is highly valued; competence and comfort in skill sets are associated with comfort in establishing communication with instructors. Positive correlations were also noted between feeling comfortable with and feeling competent in both skill sets. In conclusion, it appears to be essential to introduce courses addressing improvement of professional skills to the curriculum of veterinary schools in Turkey, given that a successful veterinarian profile requires feeling competent in and comfortable with both technical and professional skills.
Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a common viral infection in lambs and kids, and still maintains its importance in sheep and goat breeding. Attenuated, live and lyophilized CE vaccines adapted to cell culture are widely used in the fight against CE. The aim of this project was to adapt the CE vaccine strain to Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell culture and to produce the vaccine, as well as determining the shelf life, stability, innocuity, and immune response in lambs.The titer of the vaccine virus adapted to the MDBK cell culture was determined to be TCID 50 10 6.5 / ml. In the innocuity study on mice and guinea pigs, no local or general reactions were observed. Body temperature of 10 lambs vaccinated by scarification was found to be between normal values (38.2-39.1°C). Neutralizing antibodies belonging to CE virus with VNT could not be detected in blood sera taken on 30 th day following the vaccination. As a result of challenge performed with pathogen (E(P)CK 5 ) CE virus, the protection was observed against CE infection in vaccinated lambs. In the stability study, the titers of lyophilized CE vaccine were found to be TCID 50 10 6.5 /ml from 1 to 15 months and 10 6.0 /ml at 18, 21 and 24 months during the 24-month storage period at +4/+8°C. It was determined that the vaccine virus remained as stable at TCID 50 10 6.5 /ml titer for 12 hours at 30, 33, 37 and 40°C and after 12 hours, the virus titer regressed to TCID 50 10 5.75 /ml at 42°C and 45°C. This study concluded that CE vaccines could be produced in MDBK cell cultures by adapting CE virus to MDBK cell culture.
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