Alarmins exist outside cells and are early warning signals to the immune system; as such, alarmin receptors are widely distributed on various immune cells. Alarmins, proinflammatory molecular patterns associated with tissue damage, are usually released into the extracellular space, where they induce immune responses and participate in the damage and repair processes of mucosal diseases.In the stomach, gastric alarmin release has been shown to be involved in gastric mucosal inflammation, antibacterial defense, adaptive immunity, and wound healing; moreover, this release causes damage and results in the development of gastric mucosal diseases, including various types of gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the role of alarmins in gastric mucosal diseases. This review focuses on the contribution of alarmins, including IL33, HMGB1, defensins and cathelicidins, to the gastric mucosal barrier and their role in gastric mucosal diseases. Here, we offer a new perspective on the prevention and treatment of gastric mucosal diseases.
The article expatiates the use of marble has influenced the aesthetic characters of the Qing-style furniture through appreciation and aesthetic analysis of the marble-inlaid Qing-style furniture. Its aesthetic idiosyncrasies combi ned with Taoist inherency and abstract art in which literati reposed their life ideals have, to a certain degree, brought about the transcendence ofreality, the weakening ofideological utilitarian purposes and the retainment of pure aesthetic orientation.
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