One of vegetables can preventive cancer and have been used traditionally to cure infection, such as lobak (Raphanus sativus L.). Ineffectiveness antibiotics against microbial infections were still problem until now. Types of antibiotics and anticancer agents from natural resources should be explored and developed. This study was aimed to know toxicity effect and antimicrobial activity of active fractions from lobak leaves. Toxicity study was conducted using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). Samples were prepared at the concentration of 100, 500, and 1000μg/mL. Antibacterial study against Staphylococcus aureus was conducted using agar-well diffusion method at concentration 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100%. Ethyl acetate fraction from methanol extract is the most active that had larger clear zone in S. aureus culture (10,64 mm) and insoluble ethyl acetate fraction from methanol extract is the most active against A. salina (84% death A. salina at 100 µg/mL). Bioactive compounds at active fraction were identified to contain polar compounds.
The Objectives of the research were to study the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on callus initiation and growth, as well as on flavonoid content on Acalypha indica callus. The outline of the research was that Acalypha indica as a medicinal plant potentially to be developed by in vitro culture method. The addition of 2,4-D in culture medium could induce cell proliferation, meanwhile, it also affects callus growth and production. Completely randomized design with three replicates was used in this study. Data collected were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by DMRT with 5% confidence level. The research consists of two experiments. Firstly, to study the effect of medium Murashige and Skoog’s composition on callus production. The media used in this experiment were medium MS and medium MS with 2,4-D 0,5 mg/L and kinetin 0,5 mg/L. Secondly, to study the effect of 2,4-D on callus growth with 4 concentrations (0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 3 mg/L). The research variables were initiation time, weight change, texture and color of callus. Chlorophyll content was analyzed spectrophotometrically, but flavonoid content was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The research on callus production stage indicated that 0,5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0,5 mg/L kinetin were better than 0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0 mg/L kinetin, and resulted in highest weight change at eight weeks (920 mg). Additional amount of 3 mg/L of 2,4-D resulted in the best growth of callus indicated by highest addition of weight (10160 mg) at eight weeks. The chlorophyll analysis showed that 0 mg/L 2,4-D produced highest chlorophyll content of 3,74 µmol. The callus chlorophyll content would lower with rising 2,4-D concentration. The flavonoid analysis using TLC was negative on callus.
Abstract. Pitoyo A, Hani MR, Anggarwulan E. 2015. Application of chitosan spraying on acclimatization success of tiger orchid (Grammatophyllum scriptum) plantlets. Nusantara . In Indonesia, tiger orchid or anggrek macan (Grammatophyllum scriptum) is one of the orchid species that have been mass propagated with in vitro culture technique. The successful determinant of in vitro culture after planlet formation is acclimatization. Plantlet have faced with absolutely different environmental condition between inside and outside bottle that potentially severe the survival of the plantlet. The objectives of this research were to know the effect of chitosan for success of chitosan spraying in acclimatization of plantlets of G. scriptum and to know the optimum concentration of chitosan that can help the successful of the acclimatization of plantlets G. scriptum. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four level concentrations of chitosan spraying, there were 0 g/L; 0,5 g/L; 0,75 g/L; 1 g/L. Every treatment underwent 15 repetitions. The data taken on this research were qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data was got from observation of morphology and anatomy then it was analyzed descriptively. The quantitative data was got from percentage of plantlets life, observation of shoot length, leaves length, leaves width, number of leaves, number of shoot, index and density of stomatal. The quantitative data was analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if there was a significant difference between treatment groups then followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at level significance of 5 %. The result of this observation indicated that the effect of chitosan was significant on several parameters including width leaf, plantlets height, and stomatal index while the length and number of leaves were not significantly different. The concentration of chitosan real effected on these ranged from 0.5-0.75 g/L. Chitosan concentration at above of 0,75 g/L showed a negative influence on the acclimatization successfully of plantlets G. scriptum.
Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. known as “ginseng jawa†is one of medicinal plant which has an important role as an aphrodisiac. The plant contains several active substances (secondary metabolites), there are saponin, alkaloid, essential oil, resin, tannin, flavonoid, glycoside, and sterol. The aims of this research were to know the effect of water availability on growth and saponin content of T. paniculatum. The experiment was installed as a completely randomized design, with one treatment and 5 replicates. The drought condition was be indicated with water availability of media on 4 level, that was 40% field capacity (drought/temporary wilting point), 60% field capacity, 80% field capacity, and 100% field capacity (waterlogged). The plants were being grown in the greenhouse. The result of the research indicated that the growth of T. paniculatum was be inhibited by drought condition. The lower of water availability had impacted on the lower of growth parameters (dry weight, water use efficiency, relative growth rate), but oppositely, the lower of water availability, the higher of saponin content. The drought condition (40% field capacity) had resulted the highest saponin content. The waterlogged condition (100% field capacity) had resulted the lowest saponin content.
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