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Termites are regarded as the primary cause of vegetation denudation in semi-arid Nakasongola, Uganda. Despite their damage to ecosystem functioning, there have been little efforts devoted to the description of the termite assemblage structure in the area. The study therefore intended to describe the termite assemblage structure with the intension to develop sustainable termite management strategies. The survey yielded 16 termite species from eight genera, three sub-families and one family. Species from the sub-family Macrotermitinae constituted 69% of the total number of species sampled. Members from the genus Macrotermes were the dominant species and constituted 38% of the total number of species sampled. The assemblage comprised of two feeding groups namely Group II and Group IV, with most of the species belonging to Group II. Most of the species were noted to nest in epigeal and hypogeal nests with a few species nesting in wood. Vegetation cover categories were noted to influence species richness. Highest species richness (14 species) occurred in sparse vegetation category followed by dense category (11) and the least (8 species) occurring on bare ground. The termite assemblage of Nakasongola was dominated by Macrotermes species which largely forage on litter and nest in epigeal mounds.

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This paper presents the lessons learnt from a research project titled "Improving Beef Cattle Productivity for Enhanced Food Security and Efficient Utilization of Natural Resources in the Lake Victoria Basin" which includes Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda. The key focus is on the implications of land use land cover change and climate variability on the future prospects of beef cattle production in this region. The study utilizes information and data from natural resources and climate components to deduce the impact of land use and land cover changes on climate variability. Additional analysis is conducted to summarize the land use and land cover data to carry out analysis on climate data using the Mann-Kendal test, linear regression and moving averages to reveal patterns of change and trends in annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature. The findings reveal that the study areas of Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) have changed over time following land cover manipulations and land use change, coupled with climate variability. The grazing land has been converted to agriculture and settlements, thereby reducing cattle grazing land which is the cheapest and major feed source for ruminant livestock production. Although * Corresponding author. J. J. Kashaigili et al. 462the cattle population has been on the increase in the same period, it has been largely attributed to the fact that the carrying capacity of available grazing areas had not been attained. The current stocking rates in the LVB reveal that the rangelands are greatly overstocked and overgrazed with land degradation already evidenced in some areas. Climate variability coupled with a decrease in grazing resources is driving unprecedented forage scarcity which is now a major limiting factor to cattle production. Crop cultivation and settlement expansion are major land use types overtaking grazing lands; therefore the incorporation of crop residues into ruminant feeding systems could be a feasible way to curtail rangeland degradation and increase beef cattle production.