SUMMARY
A new detailed palaeomagnetic study of Tertiary volcanics, including extensive K‐Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating, helps constrain the deformation mechanisms related to the opening processes of the Afar depression (Ethiopia and Djibouti). Much of the Afar depression is bounded by 30 Myr old flood basalts and floored by the ca 2 Myr old Stratoid basalts, and evidence for pre‐2 Ma deformation processes is accessible only on its borders. K‐Ar and 40Ar/39Ar dating of several mineral phases from rhyolitic samples from the Ali Sabieh block shows indistinguishable ages around 20 Myr. These ages can be linked to separation of this block in relation to continental breakup. Different amounts of rotation are found to the north and south of the Holhol fault zone, which cuts across the northern part of the Ali Sabieh block. The southern domain did not record any rotation for the last 8 Myr, whereas the northern domain experienced approximately 12 ± 9° of clockwise rotation. We propose to link this rotation to the counter‐clockwise rotation observed in the Danakil block since 7 Ma. This provides new constraints on the early phases of rifting and opening of the southern Afar depression in connection with the propagation of the Aden ridge. A kinematic model of propagation and transfer of extension within southern Afar is proposed, with particular emphasis on the previously poorly‐known period from 10 to 4 Ma.
[1] We present an original analytical system for 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating. It makes use of a 180°sector multicollection mass spectrometer equipped with five Faraday cups, which renders peak switching unnecessary during argon isotopic analyses. Compared to the single-collector approach commonly used for argon isotopic analyses, our system presents greater stability during data acquisition. Faraday cup efficiencies, which can be a limiting factor for the multicollection mass spectrometer, were highly reproducible. The analytical validity of the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages obtained using this new mass spectrometer has been preliminarily tested using geological standard minerals (MMhb-1, FCT-San, and HD-B1) commonly used as neutron fluence monitors. Independent plateau age determinations of Ethiopian samples duplicated over a 1-year interval demonstrated the reproducibility of the analyses.
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