Circle of Willis variations may show geographic and ethnic differences. Knowledge of the frequency and types of variation in the population is important for neurosurgeons and in radiological interventional procedures as a guide for entry and in respect of collateral which could develop later.

Prilocaine-induced methemoglobinemia is a rarely seen condition. In this paper, a case is presented with methemoglobinemia developed secondary to prilocaine use in a liposuction procedure, and the importance of this rarely seen condition is emphasized. A 20-year-old female patient presented with complaints of prostration, lassitude, shivering, shortness of breath, and cyanosis. It was learned that the patient underwent nearly 1000 mg prilocaine infiltration 8 hours priorly during a liposuction procedure. At admission, her blood pressure (130/80 mmHg), pulse rate (140 bpm), body temperature (36°C), and respiratory rate (40/min) were recorded. The patient had marked acrocyanosis. The arterial blood gas methemoglobin level was measured as 40%. The patient received oxygen therapy with a mask and was administered vitamin C in normal saline (500 mg tid), N-acetylcysteine (300 mg tid), and 50 mg 10% methylene blue in the intensive care unit of the internal medicine department. Methemoglobin level dropped down to 2% after her treatment with methylene blue and she was clinically cured and discharged 2 days later. Emergency service physicians should remember to consider methemoglobinemia when making a differential diagnosis between dyspnea and cyanosis developing after prilocaine infiltration performed for liposuctions in the adult age group.

ÖzetAmaç: Bu çalışmada, 65 yaş ve üzeri, özürlü sağlık kuruluna başvuran olguların değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, özürlü kuruluna başvuran, 3112 olgu retrospektif tarandı, 601 olguya ait dosyalar değer-lendirildi. Bulgular: Başvuruların %53,1'i erkek, %46,9'u kadındır. Ortalama yaş 60 (59± 18,35)'dir. En sık başvuru sebebi, sosyal hizmetler %45,6, özürlü-lük oranının tespiti %21,6'dir. 65 yaş ve üzerinde, hipertansiyon %21,6; diyabet %12,6; kronik obstruktif akciğer hastalığı ve dilate kardiyomyopati %3,7 ile ilk sıralardadır (p<0.05). Malignensi 65 yaş ve üzerinde %1,8'di (p>0.05).Dahili özürlülük oranı istatistiksel anlamlı değilken, toplam özürlülük oranı 65 yaş ve üzerinde anlamlıdır (p<0.05). Ek branş patolojileri 65 yaş ve üzerin-de anlamlıdır (p<0.05). Tartışma: Beklenen yaşam süresinin uzaması ve toplumdaki yaşlı bireylerin sayısındaki artış ile, özürlü yaşlı bireylerin sayısında bir artış olmaktadır. Kronik hastalık tanısı almak, geriatrik hasta populasyonu için, hayatın sonu olmamalıdır. Geriatrik populasyonun ruh hali, sosyal yaşa-mı, genel sağlık ve zihinsel sağlık düzeyleri en üst düzeyde tutulmalıdır. Yaşlı hastaların, özel ihtiyaçlarına, özel önem verilerek, imkanların daha geniş kullanımı sağlanmalıdır. Anahtar KelimelerKronik Hastalıklar; Engellilik Değerlendirmesi; Yaşlılar; Muğla; Turkiye Abstract Aim: In this study it is aimed to evaluate geriatric patients who apply to health council. Material and Method: The study retrospectively assessed 3112 patients admitted to the disability ward, of which 601 patients were included in the study. Results: Of the 601 patients, 53.1% were men and 46.9% were women. The mean age of these patients was 60 (std ± 18.35) years. Some of the reasons for admission in the hospital were need for social services (45.6%) and determination of disability rate (21.6%). Most common diseases in patients aged ≥65 years were hypertension (21.6%), diabetes (12.6%), and chronic obstructive lung disease and dilated cardiomyopathy (3.7%; p < 0.05). Malignancy was detected in 1.8% patients aged ≥65 years; however, its prevalence was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Internal disability rate was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), but total disability was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, prevalence of additional conditions was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in patients aged ≥65 years. Discussion: Rapid increases in life expectancy and number of older people has increased the prevalence of disabilities among older people. Being diagnosed with chronic diseases should not be the end of life for geriatric populations. Their mood, social life, general health, and mental profile should progress. Sufficient attention should be paid to the special needs of older patients thereby leading to a wider use of facilities.

Aim: Ultrasound scanning has become universally accepted tool in prenatal care. We sought to evaluate the knowledge and expectations of pregnant women in Turkey towards ultrasound use during pregnancy. Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study of 108 pregnant women in Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University. The subjects completed a questionnaire consisting of three sections: Sociodemographic characteristics, 13-question assessment of knowledge regarding the use of ultrasound during pregnancy, and assessment of expectations. The patients were awarded one point for every correct answer, with total scores categorized into three groups: 0-4 points insufficient, 5-8 points moderately sufficient, and 9-13 points sufficient. Comparisons were performed using the chi-square test. Results:The mean age of the respondents was 28.6±4.9 years (18-39). Patient knowledge was insufficient in 34 participants (31.4%), moderately sufficient in 56 participants (51.9%), and sufficient in 18 participants (16.7%). Among respondents, 31.5% believed that structural abnormalities would be detected in at least 40%, while 99% expected to learn the gender of baby. Conclusion:The majority of our study population had insufficient to moderately sufficient knowledge regarding the use of ultrasound during pregnancy, with a high degree of misinformation regarding patient expectations. These results suggest a greater need for national education in terms of the diagnostic capabilities and limitations of pregnancy ultrasound.Keywords: Expectation, knowledge, ultrasound, pregnancy, Turkey Amaç: Ultrason prenatal bakımda kabul edilmiş uluslararası bir araçtır. Biz de Türkiye'deki gebe kadınların gebelikte ultrason kullanımına yönelik bilgi ve beklentilerini araştırmayı hedefledik.Yöntemler: Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi'ndeki 108 gebe kadının katılımıyla kesitsel bir çalışma yapıldı. Katılımcıların tamamladığı anket üç bölümden oluşmaktaydı: Sosyodemografik karakteristikler, gebelikte ultrason kullanımıyla ilgili bilginin değerlendirildiği 13 soru, beklentilerin değerlendirilmesi. Hastalar her doğru cevap için bir puan alacakları şekilde nihai puanlarıyla üç kategoriye ayrıldılar: 0-4 puan yetersiz, 5-8 puan orta düzeyde yeterli ve 9-13 puan yeterli. Gruplar arasındaki karşılaştırmalar ki-kare testi ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 28,6±4,9 yaş (18-39 yaş) idi. Hastaların bilgi düzeyi 34 katılımcıda (%31,4) yetersiz, 56 katılımcıda (%51,9) orta düzeyde yeterli ve 18 katılımcıda (%16,7) yeterli olarak değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların %31,5'i hastaların en az %40'ında yapısal anomalilerin tespit edileceğine inanmaktayken, %99'u bebeğin cinsiyetini öğrenme beklentisi içindeydi.Sonuç: Çalışmaya dahil olan toplumun çok büyük kısmı gebelikte ultrason kullanımı ile ilgili yetersiz ile orta düzeyde yeterli bilgi düzeyine sahipken hasta beklentileri ile ilgili yüksek düzeyde yanlış bilgilendirme mevcuttu. Bu sonuçlara göre gebelik ultrasonunun tanısal kapasitesi ve kısıtlılıkları hakkında ulusal düzeyde daha fazla hasta eğitimine ihtiyaç ...

Objectives:To assess current iodine levels and related factors among healthy pregnant women.Methods:In this cross-sectional, hospital-based study, healthy pregnant women (n=135) were scanned for thyroid volume, provided urine samples for urinary iodine concentration and completed a questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics and dietary habits targeted for iodine consumption at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey, between August 2014 and February 2015. Sociodemographic data were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics.Results:Median urinary iodine concentration was 222.0 µg/L, indicating adequate iodine intake during pregnancy. According to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, 28.1% of subjects had iodine deficiency, 34.1% had adequate iodine intake, 34.8% had more than adequate iodine intake, and 3.0% had excessive iodine intake during pregnancy. Education level, higher monthly income, current employment, consuming iodized salt, and adding salt to food during, or after cooking were associated with higher urinary iodine concentration.Conclusion:Iodine status of healthy pregnant women was adequate, although the percentage of women with more than adequate iodine intake was higher than the reported literature.